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A nurse is teaching a patient about managing diabetes. Which of the following actions would the nurse emphasize as most important in preventing complications from diabetes?
- A. Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly.
- B. Limiting physical activity to prevent injury.
- C. Maintaining a low-fat, high-protein diet.
- D. Taking insulin as prescribed regardless of blood sugar levels.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly allows for timely adjustments in treatment.
2. It helps in preventing hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia complications.
3. Enables the patient to understand how their lifestyle choices impact their blood sugar levels.
4. Empowers the patient to make informed decisions regarding their diabetes management.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Limiting physical activity can lead to complications like obesity and decreased insulin sensitivity.
C: Diet should focus on balanced nutrition, not just low-fat or high-protein, to manage diabetes effectively.
D: Taking insulin regardless of blood sugar levels can result in hypoglycemia or poor blood sugar control.
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A nurse is providing education to a patient about managing hypertension. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will monitor my blood pressure regularly.
- B. I should take my medication at the same time each day.
- C. I will avoid eating high-sodium foods.
- D. I can stop taking my medication once my blood pressure returns to normal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because stopping medication once blood pressure returns to normal can lead to a relapse of hypertension. Step 1: Educate the patient that hypertension is a chronic condition requiring long-term management. Step 2: Explain the importance of continuing medication even when blood pressure is controlled. Step 3: Emphasize the risks of stopping medication abruptly. Other choices are incorrect because they promote positive behaviors for hypertension management: A: Monitoring blood pressure is essential. B: Taking medication consistently is crucial. C: Avoiding high-sodium foods helps control blood pressure.
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about managing diabetic neuropathy. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I should inspect my feet daily for cuts or blisters.
- B. I can wear tight shoes to avoid blisters.
- C. I should avoid walking barefoot to prevent injuries.
- D. I should keep my blood glucose levels within the target range.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I can wear tight shoes to avoid blisters." Tight shoes can increase pressure on the feet, leading to blisters and worsening neuropathy symptoms. A: Inspecting feet daily is important to catch any issues early. C: Walking barefoot can increase the risk of injuries. D: Maintaining blood glucose levels within target range is crucial for managing diabetic neuropathy. In summary, the incorrect choices either provide important preventive measures or focus on key aspects of diabetes management, while the correct choice suggests a harmful behavior that can exacerbate neuropathy symptoms.
Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority when caring for a client with a head injury?
- A. Monitor the client's airway
- B. Administer pain relief
- C. Perform a CT scan
- D. Monitor intracranial pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor the client's airway. This is the priority because airway management is crucial in ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation, which is essential for brain function in a client with a head injury. Maintaining a clear airway takes precedence over other actions such as administering pain relief, performing a CT scan, or monitoring intracranial pressure. While these actions are important, ensuring the client's airway is patent and adequate oxygenation is crucial for preventing further brain injury or complications.
A nurse is taking health history from a patient. The nurse observes the patient's nonverbal behaviors such as hand wringing, avoiding eye contact, and shifting in the seat. Which of the following would be an appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. Ask the patient to explain what they are feeling and what might have caused the behavior.
- B. Remain silent and allow the patient to continue at their own pace.
- C. Ask the patient if they feel nervous or worried about the pregnancy.
- D. Focus on making the patient feel heard and understood.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates empathy and addresses the patient's potential emotions directly. By asking if the patient feels nervous or worried about the pregnancy, the nurse acknowledges the observed nonverbal behaviors and opens the door for the patient to express their feelings. This approach shows sensitivity and may help the patient feel understood and supported.
Choice A is incorrect because directly asking the patient to explain what they are feeling might come off as intrusive and could make the patient uncomfortable. Choice B is not ideal as remaining silent may lead to missed opportunities for the patient to share their concerns. Choice D, while important, does not address the specific nonverbal cues observed and may not prompt the patient to open up about their emotions.
Which choice is *not* allowed when planning care for a client undergoing diagnostic genetic counseling?
- A. Terminating the pregnancy
- B. Preparing for the birth of a child with special needs
- C. Accessing support services before birth
- D. Completing the grieving process before birth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because completing the grieving process before birth is not appropriate when planning care for a client undergoing genetic counseling. This is because genetic counseling aims to provide information and support to help clients make informed decisions about their pregnancy or future child's health. Grieving before birth implies assuming a negative outcome before all information is gathered, which can be premature and may not align with the purpose of genetic counseling. Choices A, B, and C are allowed as they involve valid actions such as decision-making, preparation, and accessing support services, all of which are important aspects of genetic counseling.