Nokea
A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma about managing triggers. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I should avoid environmental allergens and cold air.
- B. I should take over-the-counter medications to control my symptoms.
- C. I should smoke to relieve stress and manage my symptoms.
- D. I should only use my inhaler when I feel short of breath.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because avoiding environmental allergens and cold air can help prevent asthma attacks. This shows the patient understands the importance of managing triggers. Choice B is incorrect because over-the-counter medications may not be sufficient for asthma management. Choice C is incorrect because smoking can worsen asthma symptoms. Choice D is incorrect because using the inhaler only when feeling short of breath is not a proactive approach to managing asthma triggers.
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Which client should avoid foods high in potassium?
- A. a client receiving diuretic therapy
- B. a client with an ileostomy
- C. a client with metabolic alkalosis
- D. a client with renal disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because clients with renal disease may have impaired kidney function, leading to difficulty in regulating potassium levels. High potassium intake can further burden the kidneys, potentially causing hyperkalemia. Clients on diuretic therapy (choice A) may actually need to monitor potassium levels due to potential electrolyte imbalances. Clients with an ileostomy (choice B) typically do not have issues with potassium absorption. Clients with metabolic alkalosis (choice C) may have potassium shifts but do not necessarily need to avoid high-potassium foods unless specifically advised by their healthcare provider.
A nurse is teaching a patient with chronic hypertension about lifestyle changes. Which of the following is the most appropriate teaching for this patient?
- A. "You should increase your sodium intake to maintain good blood pressure."
- B. "It is important to increase physical activity and reduce stress."
- C. "Take your medications only when your blood pressure increases."
- D. "You should monitor your blood pressure every week."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because increasing physical activity and reducing stress are important lifestyle changes for managing chronic hypertension. Exercise helps lower blood pressure and stress reduction techniques can help control hypertension. Option A is incorrect as reducing sodium intake, not increasing it, is recommended. Option C is incorrect as medications for hypertension should be taken as prescribed, not only when blood pressure increases. Option D is incorrect as monitoring blood pressure should be done regularly, but not necessarily every week.
The major electrolytes in the extracellular fluid are:
- A. potassium and chloride
- B. potassium and phosphate
- C. sodium and chloride
- D. sodium and phosphate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: sodium and chloride. In the extracellular fluid, sodium and chloride are the major electrolytes due to their roles in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Potassium and phosphate (choice B) are primarily found in intracellular fluid, while potassium and chloride (choice A) are not the major electrolytes in extracellular fluid. Similarly, sodium and phosphate (choice D) are not major extracellular electrolytes. Thus, choice C is the correct answer based on the significant presence and functions of sodium and chloride in the extracellular fluid.
A patient tells the nurse that he is very nervous, that he is nauseated, and that he "feels hot." This type of data would be:
- A. objective.
- B. reflective.
- C. subjective.
- D. introspective.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: subjective. Subjective data refers to information provided by the patient based on their feelings, perceptions, and experiences. In this case, the patient's report of feeling nervous, nauseated, and hot is subjective because it reflects their personal sensations and cannot be measured or observed directly by the nurse. Objective data (choice A) is measurable and observable, such as vital signs or physical examination findings. Reflective (choice B) and introspective (choice D) do not accurately describe the type of data provided by the patient in this scenario. The patient's symptoms are subjective because they are based on the patient's own feelings and experiences, making choice C the most appropriate answer.
A 47-year-old woman who is a recent immigrant to Canada is being seen at the clinic today for her uncontrolled diabetes. The nurse knows that the patient lives with her husband and a large extended family. The nurse concludes that part of the patient's inability to maintain and comply with her diet and diabetic regime is the foods that this patient eats. This conclusion is an example of:
- A. cultural sensitivity.
- B. cultural safety.
- C. cultural perspective.
- D. culturalism.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: culturalism. The nurse's conclusion that the patient's inability to maintain her diet and diabetic regime is due to the foods she eats reflects culturalism. Culturalism refers to the belief that a person's behaviors and beliefs are solely determined by their culture. In this case, the nurse is attributing the patient's struggles solely to her cultural background without considering other factors.
A: Cultural sensitivity is about being aware and respectful of different cultures, but it does not involve making assumptions based on culture alone.
B: Cultural safety is about creating a safe and respectful environment for individuals from different cultures, but it does not involve making assumptions about behavior solely based on culture.
C: Cultural perspective involves understanding different cultural viewpoints, but it does not involve making assumptions about behavior solely based on culture.
In summary, the nurse's conclusion is an example of culturalism as it oversimplifies the patient's situation by attributing her struggles solely to her cultural background.