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A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about self-management. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I will monitor my blood glucose levels regularly.
- B. I will stop taking my insulin when my blood sugar is within normal range.
- C. I will eat a balanced diet and exercise regularly.
- D. I will avoid sugary foods to manage my blood sugar.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because monitoring blood glucose levels regularly is essential for managing diabetes effectively. By monitoring blood glucose levels, the patient can make informed decisions about medication, diet, and exercise. This helps in preventing complications and maintaining blood sugar levels within the target range.
Choice B is incorrect because stopping insulin when blood sugar is within the normal range can lead to fluctuations and potential hyperglycemia. Choice C is a good practice but does not specifically address blood sugar management. Choice D is also important but does not encompass all aspects of diabetes management.
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The nurse is planning health education for a 65-year-old woman who has had a cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and is aphasic. Which of the following is most important to use when assessing mental health in this situation?
- A. Please count back from 100 by sevens.
- B. I will name three items and ask you to repeat them in a few minutes.
- C. Please point to articles in the room and parts of the body as I name them.
- D. What would you do if you found a stamped, addressed envelope on the sidewalk?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Please point to articles in the room and parts of the body as I name them. This is the most important assessment for mental health in an aphasic patient post-stroke because it evaluates their comprehension, communication abilities, and cognitive function. Pointing to articles and body parts demonstrates understanding and ability to follow instructions, which are crucial aspects of mental health assessment in this context.
A: Please count back from 100 by sevens - This choice involves memory and mathematical abilities, which may not accurately assess mental health in an aphasic patient.
B: I will name three items and ask you to repeat them in a few minutes - This choice tests memory recall, which is not as relevant for assessing mental health in an aphasic patient post-stroke.
D: What would you do if you found a stamped, addressed envelope on the sidewalk? - This choice assesses problem-solving skills, which may not be the most appropriate indicator of mental health in an aphasic patient.
A family who immigrated to Canada 3 months ago has come to the clinic to see the nurse practitioner. One of the parents has found work, but not in his fielThe other parent has not been able to find a joThis family of five is living in a one-bedroom apartment. The nurse practitioner is aware that the health of new immigrants is:
- A. negatively affected, as a result of many contributing factors.
- B. positively affected by having access to modern urban hospitals.
- C. unlikely to change without help from government programs.
- D. improved by employment and stable housing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: New immigrants face many challenges such as language barriers, cultural differences, lack of social support, and limited access to healthcare.
Step 2: These factors can negatively impact their health by causing stress, mental health issues, and difficulties in accessing healthcare services.
Step 3: Employment and stable housing are important factors for immigrants' health, but they alone may not address the broader issues affecting their well-being.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the health of new immigrants is indeed negatively affected by a combination of contributing factors beyond just employment and housing.
To which part of the assessment is information about who lives with a child, the method of disciplining, and support system related?
- A. Family history
- B. Review of systems
- C. Functional assessment
- D. Reason for seeking care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Functional assessment. This type of assessment focuses on understanding how an individual functions in their daily life. Information about who lives with a child, the method of disciplining, and support system directly relate to the child's functionality and overall well-being. Family history (A) typically refers to medical conditions in the family. Review of systems (B) involves examining different body systems for symptoms. Reason for seeking care (D) pertains to the specific reason why the child is seeking medical attention and does not encompass the broader aspects of the child's functioning.
When performing a physical assessment, the first technique the nurse will use is:
- A. Palpation
- B. Inspection
- C. Percussion
- D. Auscultation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inspection. This is because visual observation is typically the initial step in a physical assessment to gather information about the patient's overall appearance, skin color, posture, and any obvious abnormalities. Palpation (A) involves touching and feeling for abnormalities, which usually follows inspection. Percussion (C) is the technique of tapping on the body to assess underlying structures, and auscultation (D) is listening to sounds produced by the body, both of which typically come after inspection and palpation. Inspecting the patient first allows the nurse to establish a baseline before moving on to more detailed assessment techniques.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of asthma. The nurse should monitor for which of the following signs of an asthma exacerbation?
- A. Decreased work of breathing.
- B. Increased wheezing and shortness of breath.
- C. Improved oxygen saturation.
- D. Decreased sputum production.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased wheezing and shortness of breath. During an asthma exacerbation, bronchial airways become inflamed and narrowed, leading to increased wheezing and shortness of breath. This is a classic sign of worsening asthma. Other choices are incorrect because: A) Decreased work of breathing is not expected in an asthma exacerbation as the patient usually struggles to breathe. C) Improved oxygen saturation is unlikely as airway obstruction can lead to decreased oxygen levels. D) Decreased sputum production is not a typical sign of asthma exacerbation; in fact, increased sputum production may occur due to airway inflammation.