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A nurse is teaching about nutrition to a client who has a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Increase phosphorus intake
- B. Limit calcium intake
- C. Limit protein intake
- D. Increase potassium intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct recommendation for a client with chronic kidney disease is to limit protein intake. Excessive protein consumption can strain the kidneys as they work to eliminate waste products from protein metabolism. This can worsen kidney function in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, limiting protein intake is crucial in managing this condition. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing phosphorus intake can be harmful in kidney disease as it can lead to mineral imbalances. Limiting calcium intake is not typically necessary unless the client has specific complications. Increasing potassium intake may also be inappropriate as potassium levels can be affected in kidney disease.
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A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Encourage the client to participate in developing a system of rewards.
- B. Arrange for someone to remain with the client for 30 minutes after meals.
- C. Offer the client a selection of beverages at each meal.
- D. Inform the client that a weight gain of 2.3 kg per week is expected.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Encouraging the client to participate in developing a system of rewards is an essential part of the plan of care for a client with anorexia nervosa. This action can help motivate and engage the client in their treatment plan, promoting a sense of achievement and progress. Choice B, arranging for someone to remain with the client for 30 minutes after meals, may not address the underlying issues related to anorexia nervosa and could potentially disrupt the client's independence. Choice C, offering a selection of beverages at each meal, is not directly related to addressing the client's condition of anorexia nervosa. Choice D, informing the client about an expected weight gain, could increase anxiety and may not be appropriate without considering the client's individual progress and readiness.
A client who is breastfeeding is being taught diet modification by a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should drink an 8-ounce glass of water each time my baby nurses.
- B. I should take a 1500-milligram iron supplement daily.
- C. I can eat a 2500-calorie daily diet to lose 1 lb per week.
- D. I can eat ounces of swordfish daily.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because drinking an 8-ounce glass of water each time the baby nurses helps maintain hydration and support milk production. Choice B is incorrect as the need for iron supplementation should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect as a 2500-calorie diet is not typically recommended for weight loss during breastfeeding. Choice D is incorrect as consuming high levels of swordfish is not advisable due to its mercury content, which can be harmful to the baby.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving parenteral nutrition. Which of the following findings indicates the therapy is effective?
- A. Client has soft, formed bowel movements.
- B. Client's mucous membranes are pink.
- C. Client reports ability to complete ADLs.
- D. Client's blood glucose level is within the expected reference range.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because having a blood glucose level within the expected reference range indicates that parenteral nutrition is effectively meeting the client's nutritional needs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because soft, formed bowel movements, pink mucous membranes, and the ability to complete activities of daily living do not directly reflect the effectiveness of parenteral nutrition therapy.
A healthcare professional is reviewing the lab results of a client who has bulimia nervosa. The professional should notify the provider of which of the following results?
- A. White Blood Cells 5,200/mm³
- B. Hemoglobin 14 g/dL
- C. Magnesium 1.6 mg/dL
- D. Potassium 3.2 mEq/L
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L is below normal and requires provider notification, especially in clients with bulimia nervosa who are at risk of electrolyte imbalances. Low potassium levels can lead to serious complications like cardiac arrhythmias. The other options are within or close to the normal range and would not be a priority for notification.
A nurse is caring for a client who is lactose intolerant. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse assess?
- A. Fever
- B. Blood in stools
- C. Cramping
- D. Steatorrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cramping. Cramping is a common clinical manifestation of lactose intolerance due to the inability to digest lactose properly. Fever (choice A) is not typically associated with lactose intolerance. Blood in stools (choice B) is more indicative of other gastrointestinal issues like inflammatory bowel disease. Steatorrhea (choice D) is the presence of excess fat in the stool and is not a typical symptom of lactose intolerance.