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A nurse is teaching the parents of a child diagnosed with a urinary tract infection secondary to vesicoureteral reflux. How should the nurse explain how the reflux contributes to the infection?
- A. It prevents complete emptying of the bladder.
- B. It causes urine backflow into the kidney.
- C. It results in painful bladder spasms.
- D. It causes painful urination.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reflux allows bacteria to reach kidneys.
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A 9-month-old is admitted because of dehydration. How should the nurse go about accurately monitoring fluid intake and output? Select all that apply.
- A. Weighing and recording all wet diapers.
- B. Obtaining a urine specific gravity measure.
- C. Obtaining an accurate daily weight.
- D. Restricting fluids prior to weighing the child.
- E. Obtaining an accurate stool count.
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Weighing diapers, daily weights, and stool counts accurately track fluid balance.
An adolescent female is prescribed amoxicillin for an ear infection. The nurse should teach the adolescent about the risks associated with her concurrent use of:
- A. Antacids.
- B. Oral contraceptives.
- C. Multiple vitamins.
- D. Protein shakes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Amoxicillin can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, increasing the risk of unintended pregnancy. The nurse should educate the adolescent about this interaction and suggest additional contraceptive measures during antibiotic therapy.
The health care team wishes to establish a policy regarding sleep positions for infants with gastroesophageal reflux (GER). The first step should be to search for:
- A. Policies from other hospitals.
- B. Data from retrospective studies.
- C. Published national standards.
- D. Expert opinions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: National standards provide evidence-based guidance for policy development.
When developing the plan of care for a child with early Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, which of the following nursing goals is the priority?
- A. Encouraging early wheelchair use.
- B. Fostering social interactions.
- C. Maintaining function of unaffected muscles.
- D. Prevent circulatory impairment.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maintaining function of unaffected muscles is the priority to prolong mobility and independence in early Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
A nurse is teaching an obese child about portion control. Which strategy should be included?
- A. Eat only prepackaged meals.
- B. Use smaller plates.
- C. Skip breakfast daily.
- D. Drink soda with meals.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smaller plates help control portion sizes visually. Prepackaged meals may be unhealthy, skipping breakfast can increase hunger, and soda adds empty calories.