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A nurse is working at a health fair screening people for liver cancer. Which population group should the nurse monitor mostclosely for liver cancer?
- A. Hispanic
- B. Asian Americans
- C. Non-Hispanic Caucasians
- D. Non-Hispanic African-Americans
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Asian Americans. Asian Americans have a higher incidence of liver cancer compared to other population groups due to factors such as chronic hepatitis B infection and dietary aflatoxin exposure. Monitoring this group closely is essential for early detection and intervention.
Incorrect choices:
A: Hispanic - While Hispanics have a higher prevalence of fatty liver disease, the highest risk of liver cancer is not among this group.
C: Non-Hispanic Caucasians - Caucasians have a lower incidence of liver cancer compared to Asian Americans.
D: Non-Hispanic African-Americans - African-Americans have a lower risk of liver cancer compared to Asian Americans due to differences in risk factors and prevalence of hepatitis B.
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An 86-year-old patient is experiencing uncontrollableleakage of urine with a strong desire to void and even leaks on the way to the toilet. Whichprioritynursing diagnosiswill the nurse include in the patient’s plan of care?
- A. Functional urinary incontinence
- B. Urge urinary incontinence
- C. Impaired skin integrity
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Urge urinary incontinence
Rationale:
1. The patient's symptoms of strong desire to void and leakage on the way to the toilet indicate urge urinary incontinence.
2. Urge urinary incontinence is characterized by a sudden, strong need to urinate with involuntary leakage.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Functional urinary incontinence - This type is due to factors such as cognitive or physical impairment, not a strong urge to void.
C: Impaired skin integrity - While important, this is a potential consequence of urinary incontinence, not the priority nursing diagnosis.
D: Urinary retention - This would present with the inability to empty the bladder, not symptoms of frequent urge to void and leakage.
The nurse is addressing condom use in the context of a health promotion workshop. When discussing the correct use of condoms, what should the nurse tell the attendees?
- A. Attach the condom prior to erection.
- B. A condom may be reused with the same partner if ejaculation has not occurred.
- C. Use skin lotion as a lubricant if alternatives are unavailable.
- D. Hold the condom by the cuff upon withdrawal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hold the condom by the cuff upon withdrawal. This is important because holding the condom by the cuff helps prevent any potential spillage of bodily fluids. During withdrawal, holding the condom by the base prevents it from slipping off and minimizes the risk of exposure to sexually transmitted infections.
Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Attaching the condom prior to erection is incorrect as it may lead to breakage or slipping off during intercourse.
B: Reusing a condom with the same partner is highly discouraged due to the risk of breakage, reduced effectiveness, and potential exposure to infections.
C: Using skin lotion as a lubricant is not recommended as it can degrade the condom material, increasing the risk of breakage.
The nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with a primary brain tumor. The patient asks the nurse where his tumor came from. What would be the nurses best response?
- A. Your tumor originated from somewhere outside the CNS.
- B. Your tumor likely started out in one of your glands.
- C. Your tumor originated from cells within your brain itself.
- D. Your tumor is from nerve tissue somewhere in your body.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because primary brain tumors originate from cells within the brain itself. These tumors develop from abnormal growth of brain cells. Choice A is incorrect as primary brain tumors do not come from outside the central nervous system (CNS). Choice B is incorrect as primary brain tumors do not typically start in glands. Choice D is incorrect as primary brain tumors do not arise from nerve tissue elsewhere in the body. In summary, the nurse should explain to the patient that the tumor originated from cells within his brain to provide accurate information about the nature of primary brain tumors.
A nurse is performing a cultural assessment usingthe ETHNIC mnemonic for communication. Which area will the nurse assess for the “H”?
- A. Health
- B. Healers
- C. History
- D. Homeland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Healers. In the ETHNIC mnemonic, "H" stands for Healers, where the nurse assesses the individual's traditional healers, healthcare practices, and preferences for seeking healthcare. This is important in understanding the individual's cultural beliefs and practices related to health and treatment. Assessing "Health" (A) may be important, but it does not specifically address traditional healers. "History" (C) focuses on the individual's cultural background rather than healthcare practices. "Homeland" (D) pertains to the individual's place of origin, which is not directly related to healthcare communication.
A nurse is sitting at the patient’s bedside takinga nursing history. Which zone of personal space is the nurse using?
- A. Socio-consultative
- B. Personal
- C. Intimate
- D. Public
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse sitting at the patient's bedside is using the personal zone of personal space, which ranges from 18 inches to 4 feet. This distance allows for a close interaction suitable for taking a nursing history while maintaining a professional yet personal connection. The socio-consultative zone (A) is 4-12 feet, more appropriate for professional interactions. The intimate zone (C) is 0-18 inches, too close for an initial nursing history. The public zone (D) is 12 feet or more, too distant for a personal conversation.