Nokea
A nurse is preparing to administer subcutaneous heparin to a client. Which of the following should the nurse take?
- A. Massage the site after administering the medication
- B. Use a 21-gauge needle for the injection
- C. Aspirate before injecting the medication
- D. Insert the needle at least 5 cm (2 in) from the umbilicus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Insert the needle at least 5 cm (2 in) from the umbilicus. This is crucial to prevent any potential harm to the abdominal organs located around the umbilicus. Inserting the needle too close could lead to injury or bleeding. Massaging the site after administering (A) is not recommended as it can cause bruising or discomfort. Using a 21-gauge needle (B) is not specified for subcutaneous heparin injections. Aspirating before injecting (C) is not necessary for subcutaneous injections, as the risk of hitting a blood vessel is low.
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A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for theophylline, a sustained-released capsule. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can take my medication in the morning with my coffee.
- B. I may sprinkle the medication in applesauce.
- C. I should limit my fluid intake while on this medication.
- D. I will need to have blood levels drawn.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Answer D is correct because monitoring blood levels is crucial for theophylline therapy due to its narrow therapeutic range. Regular monitoring helps ensure the drug is at a safe and effective level in the body. Taking the medication with food or fluids, as indicated in choices A and C, can affect its absorption or metabolism, leading to suboptimal effects or toxicity. Sprinkling the medication in applesauce, as in choice B, can alter the drug's sustained-release mechanism, causing rapid release and possible adverse effects. Therefore, choice D is the best option for ensuring theophylline therapy's safety and efficacy.
A nurse is preparing to administer 4,000 units of heparin subcutaneously to a client who has deep-vein thrombosis. Available is heparin 10,000 units/mL. How many mL of heparin should the nurse administer? (Round to the nearest tenth.)
Correct Answer: 0.4
Rationale: To calculate the mL of heparin to administer, use the formula: desired dose (4,000 units) ÷ concentration (10,000 units/mL) = X mL. 4,000 ÷ 10,000 = 0.4 mL. The correct answer is 0.4 mL because it accurately represents the calculated dose needed for the client. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the correct calculation.
A nurse is preparing to initiate IV therapy for a client. Which of the following sites should the nurse use to place the peripheral IV catheter?
- A. Nondominant dorsal venous arch
- B. Dominant distal dorsal vein
- C. Nondominant forearm basilic vein
- D. Dominant antecubital vein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nondominant dorsal venous arch. This site is preferred for peripheral IV catheter placement due to the larger vein diameter, ease of access, and reduced risk of complications like nerve damage or infiltration. The nondominant side is chosen to prevent disruption of daily activities. The dorsal venous arch is a superficial vein that is easily visible and palpable, making it suitable for successful cannulation. It also allows for optimal flow rate and minimizes the risk of phlebitis. Choices B, C, and D are not ideal for various reasons such as smaller vein size, increased risk of nerve damage, and difficulty in accessing or securing the catheter.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of benign prostate hypertrophy and a prescription for doxazosin. The client tells the nurse, 'I do not take this medication. I would prefer a natural therapy.' Which of the following supplements should the nurse suggest the client discuss with the provider?
- A. Black cohosh
- B. Garlic
- C. Feverfew
- D. Saw palmetto
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Saw palmetto. Saw palmetto is commonly used as a natural remedy for benign prostate hypertrophy due to its potential benefits in reducing symptoms. It works by decreasing inflammation and promoting the shrinkage of the prostate gland. The nurse should suggest discussing saw palmetto with the provider as it aligns with the client's preference for natural therapy.
Choice A: Black cohosh is not typically used for prostate issues but rather for menopausal symptoms in women.
Choice B: Garlic is not specifically indicated for benign prostate hypertrophy and is more commonly known for its cardiovascular benefits.
Choice C: Feverfew is primarily used for migraine headaches and has no direct association with prostate health.
In summary, saw palmetto is the most appropriate supplement to suggest as it targets the client's condition effectively compared to the other options provided.
A nurse is consulting a formulary about a client's new prescription for raloxifene. The nurse should identify that this medication is used to treat which of the following conditions?
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Urinary tract infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Osteoporosis. Raloxifene is a medication used to prevent and treat osteoporosis by increasing bone density. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that mimics estrogen's effects on bone without affecting other tissues like the uterus. This helps to reduce the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women. Choices B, C, D, E, F, and G are incorrect because raloxifene is not indicated for hypothyroidism, urinary tract infections, or any other conditions besides osteoporosis.