Nokea
A nurse knows that specific areas in the ureters have experienced after this procedure is what?
- A. Urinary retention
- B. Bladder perforation
- C. Hemorrhage
- D. In the ureteropelvic junction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: In the ureteropelvic junction. This is because the ureteropelvic junction is a specific anatomical location where the ureter connects to the renal pelvis. After a procedure involving the ureters, such as ureteroscopy or stent placement, it is crucial to monitor this area for any complications like strictures or obstruction. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because urinary retention, bladder perforation, and hemorrhage are not specific to the ureteropelvic junction area and are more commonly associated with other parts of the urinary system.
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A patient was treated with digoxin and he develop signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity caused by furosemide therapy. What did the diuretic most likely do to precipitate the digoxin toxicity?
- A. Caused by hypocalcemia
- B. Caused by hyponatremia
- C. Caused by hypokalemia
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C: The diuretic furosemide causes potassium loss (hypokalemia), which can lead to increased toxicity of digoxin. Low potassium levels can enhance the effects of digoxin, resulting in digoxin toxicity.
Summary:
A: Hypocalcemia is not directly related to digoxin toxicity.
B: Hyponatremia is not directly related to digoxin toxicity.
D: This choice is incorrect as hypokalemia is a known risk factor for digoxin toxicity.
Spironolactone can be usefully combined with the following diuretics except:
- A. Amiloride
- B. Chlorthalidone
- C. Furosemide
- D. Hydrochlorothiazide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amiloride. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by inhibiting aldosterone. Combining it with another potassium-sparing diuretic like Amiloride can increase the risk of hyperkalemia. On the other hand, combining Spironolactone with loop diuretics like Furosemide or thiazide diuretics like Chlorthalidone or Hydrochlorothiazide can provide synergistic effects by targeting different parts of the nephron to enhance diuresis without significantly increasing the risk of hyperkalemia. So, combining Spironolactone with Amiloride is not recommended to avoid hyperkalemia.
Which of the following statement about retroviral protease inhibitors? *
- A. They act at an early step in HIV replication
- B. They are more active in inhibiting HIV than zidovudine
- C. They inhibit CYP 3A4 and interact with many other drugs
- D. Both (
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because retroviral protease inhibitors specifically target the protease enzyme in HIV, which is essential for viral replication at an early step. This disrupts the maturation of new viral particles, inhibiting viral replication. Choice B is incorrect as zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, not a protease inhibitor. Choice C is incorrect as protease inhibitors are known to inhibit CYP3A4, leading to drug interactions, but not all of them interact with many other drugs. Choice D is incorrect as it combines two separate statements without providing accurate information.
A patient has had her indwelling urinary catheter since admission. How should the nurse best respond to removed after having it in place for 10 days during this finding? recovery from an acute illness. Two hours after removal
- A. Supplement the patients fluid intake with a high- of the catheter, the patient informs the nurse that she is calorie diet. experiencing urinary urgency resulting in several small-
- B. Emphasize the need to limit intake to 2 L of fluid daily. volume voids. What is the nurses best response?
- C. Obtain an order for a high-sodium diet to prevent
- D. Inform the patient that urgency and occasional
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inform the patient that urgency and occasional small-volume voids are common after catheter removal. This response is correct because it acknowledges the patient's symptoms as a normal physiological response post-catheter removal, providing reassurance and education. Option A is incorrect as it focuses on fluid intake rather than addressing the patient's specific concern. Option B is incorrect as it suggests limiting fluid intake, which may not be necessary in this situation. Option C is incorrect as a high-sodium diet is not indicated for the reported symptoms.
A 38-year-old woman is undergoing a breast examination. During the examination, the nurse palpates a lump that is hard, fixed, and irregular. The nurse's most appropriate action would be to:
- A. Monitor the lump for changes and reassess in 6 months.
- B. Perform a biopsy to assess for malignancy.
- C. Schedule an ultrasound to evaluate the lump.
- D. Refer the patient for a mammogram.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perform a biopsy to assess for malignancy. The characteristics of the lump (hard, fixed, irregular) raise suspicion for malignancy. A biopsy is necessary to definitively determine if the lump is cancerous. Monitoring for changes (A), scheduling an ultrasound (C), or referring for a mammogram (D) may provide additional information, but a biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing breast cancer.