Nokea
A nurse learns in orientation that an incident report does not "blame" anyone but concisely documents the events leading up to an occurrence. Which events would warrant completion of an incident report? (select all that apply)
- A. The client is crying and distraught when he learns of a diagnosis of cancer.
- B. An intravenous antibiotic given preoperatively does not infuse because of a faulty pump.
- C. The nurse is unable to carry out orders written by the specialist because of illegibility.
- D. A client falls while in the shower, although she was told not to get up alone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it involves a medical error that could potentially harm the patient. An incident report is necessary to document such events for quality improvement and patient safety. Choice A does not involve a preventable adverse event, so it does not require an incident report. Choice C is related to communication issues and can be resolved without an incident report. Choice D involves a patient fall, which is a reportable event, but the client was informed not to get up alone, making it less urgent for an incident report compared to a medication error.
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A new graduate desires a position in labor and delivery; however, no position is available. What is the best advice for this nurse?
- A. Continue to study to keep skills current and wait for desired position.
- B. Return to college until a position in labor or delivery opens.
- C. Accept another nursing position and transfer into labor and delivery when a position is available.
- D. Practice obstetrical skills in a simulation lab then present evidence of competency to potential employer.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it offers a practical solution. By accepting another nursing position and transferring to labor and delivery when a position is available, the nurse can gain experience, maintain employment, and potentially build a relationship with the organization. This approach shows flexibility and commitment.
A: Continuing to study is important, but it may not guarantee a position in labor and delivery.
B: Returning to college is unnecessary and may delay entering the workforce.
D: Practicing skills in a simulation lab is beneficial, but it does not address the immediate need for employment in the desired field.
A nurse gives Dilantin intravenously with lactated Ringer's solution containing multivitamins. The drug precipitates and obstructs the only existing line. When the team leader informs the nurse that these drugs cannot be mixed, the nurse states, "Everyone just pushes the medicine slowly. No one checks for compatibility. There isn't even a compatibility chart on the unit." Which type of logical fallacy has influenced the nurse?
- A. Ad hominem abusive
- B. Appeal to common practice
- C. Appeal to emotion
- D. Appeal to tradition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Appeal to common practice. The nurse's argument that "everyone just pushes the medicine slowly" and that "no one checks for compatibility" is based on the common practice in the unit rather than on scientific evidence or guidelines. This logical fallacy assumes that just because something is commonly done, it must be correct. In this case, the nurse is disregarding the importance of checking drug compatibility and following proper protocols.
Incorrect choices:
A: Ad hominem abusive - This choice involves attacking the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself, which is not evident in the scenario.
C: Appeal to emotion - This choice would involve using emotions to manipulate the audience rather than relying on logic or evidence, which is not the case in the scenario.
D: Appeal to tradition - This choice would involve arguing that something is right or good because it has been done that way for a long time, which is not explicitly stated in the scenario.
A patient informs the nurse, "I can't sit in the yard for even 10 minutes without my skin turning red and tender." The nurse would assess for the use of which complementary alternative medicine (CAM)?
- A. St. John's wort
- B. Ginkgo biloba
- C. Feverfew
- D. Echinacea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Feverfew. Feverfew is commonly used for its anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce skin sensitivity to sunlight, which could be the cause of the patient's skin turning red and tender. St. John's wort is used for depression, Ginkgo biloba for memory, and Echinacea for immune support, none of which are directly related to the patient's symptom.
A nurse is reading an abstract about a study related to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. The purpose is stated as follows: "To examine the generalizability of two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials in patients with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever to determine whether steroid therapy resulted in the positive outcomes." The nurse knows generalizability refers to the:
- A. conclusion that findings can be generalized from the sample to the entire population.
- B. fact that the group of steroids used are from the same organic compounds.
- C. possibility that the subjects were carefully selected and that outside influence is thus suspected.
- D. fact that the type of bacteria carried by ticks is universal.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Generalizability refers to the conclusion that findings from a sample can be applied to the entire population. In this case, the purpose of the study is to determine if the positive outcomes of steroid therapy in two randomized placebo-controlled trials for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever can be generalized to a broader population of patients with the same condition. Choice B is incorrect because generalizability is not about the type of steroids used but about the applicability of study findings. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to selection bias, not generalizability. Choice D is incorrect as generalizability is about the application of findings, not the universality of bacteria types.
When the nurse manager conducts a qualitative analysis of budget variances, he or she is:
- A. determining the percentage increase of supply usage from the last quarter to the current quarter.
- B. identifying the overall increase in the dollar amount of salaries paid for overtime.
- C. comparing productivity metrics across all nursing units in the facility.
- D. reconciling with current conditions the underlying assumptions on which the budget was based.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because when a nurse manager conducts a qualitative analysis of budget variances, they need to reconcile the underlying assumptions on which the budget was based with current conditions. This involves reviewing the initial budget assumptions to see if they still hold true and adjusting them accordingly. This step ensures that the budget remains relevant and accurate.
A is incorrect because determining the percentage increase of supply usage does not involve a qualitative analysis of budget variances. B is incorrect because identifying the overall increase in the dollar amount of salaries paid for overtime is a quantitative analysis, not qualitative. C is incorrect because comparing productivity metrics across nursing units is a different type of analysis and not specifically related to budget variances.