foundation of nursing practice questions

foundation of nursing practice questions Related

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A nurse needs to begin discharge planning fora patient admitted with pneumonia and a congested cough. When is the besttime the nurse should start discharge planningfor this patient?

  • A. Upon admission
  • B. Right before discharge
  • C. After the congestion is treated
  • D. When the primary care provider writes the order
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best time for a nurse to start discharge planning for a patient admitted with pneumonia and a congested cough is upon admission. Starting discharge planning early allows the healthcare team to identify the patient's needs, plan for the appropriate level of care, and ensure a smooth transition out of the hospital. Waiting until right before discharge or after the congestion is treated may lead to rushed or incomplete planning, potentially compromising the patient's recovery and post-discharge care. Additionally, discharge planning is not dependent on the primary care provider writing an order, as nurses can initiate teaching and planning proactively to support the patient's optimal recovery and transition. By beginning discharge planning upon admission, the healthcare team can address any potential barriers to discharge and ensure the patient's needs are met for a successful recovery process.

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A 60-year-old patient with a diagnosis of prostate cancer is scheduled to have an interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR). What safety measure should the nurse include in this patients subsequent plan of care?

  • A. Limit the time that visitors spend at the patients bedside.
  • B. Teach the patient to perform all aspects of basic care independently.
  • C. Assign male nurses to the patients care whenever possible.
  • D. Situate the patient in a shared room with other patients receiving brachytherapy.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient undergoing interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR) for prostate cancer will emit radiation that poses a risk to others. Limiting the time that visitors spend at the patient's bedside is essential to minimize their exposure to radiation. It is important to follow safety measures to protect both the patient and others from potential harm. Other options such as teaching the patient to perform basic care independently, assigning male nurses, or situating the patient in a shared room with other brachytherapy patients do not directly address the safety concern of radiation exposure to visitors.

A nurse at an allergy clinic is providing education for a patient starting immunotherapy for the treatment of allergies. What education should the nurse prioritize?

  • A. The importance of scheduling appointments for the same time each month
  • B. The importance of keeping appointments for desensitization procedures
  • C. The importance of avoiding antihistamines for the duration of treatment
  • D. The importance of keeping a diary of reactions to the immunotherapy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse should prioritize educating the patient on the importance of keeping appointments for desensitization procedures. Immunotherapy involves gradually increasing exposure to allergens to build tolerance and reduce allergic reactions. Missing desensitization appointments can lead to interruptions in treatment and potentially decrease the effectiveness of the therapy. It is crucial for the patient to adhere to the scheduled appointments as prescribed by the healthcare provider to ensure the success of the immunotherapy treatment.

Which disease process improves during pregnancy?

  • A. Epilepsy
  • B. Bell’s palsy
  • C. Rheumatoid arthritis
  • D. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis shows marked improvement during pregnancy, although the reason for this is not entirely clear. The improvement is often significant, leading to relief from symptoms for many pregnant individuals with this condition. However, it's important to note that this improvement is temporary, as relapse typically occurs within 36 months postpartum. The exact mechanisms behind this temporary improvement are not fully understood, but hormones and changes in the immune system during pregnancy are believed to play a role in modifying the disease process.

A nurse is teaching a health class about colorectalcancer. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. A risk factor is smoking.
  • B. A risk factor is high intake of animal fats or red meat.
  • C. A warning sign is rectal bleeding.
  • D. A warning sign is a sense of incomplete evacuation.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A. A risk factor is smoking: Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. It is important for the nurse to include this information during the teaching session to emphasize the importance of smoking cessation in reducing the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

A patient who has AIDS is being treated in the hospital and admits to having periods of extreme anxiety. What would be the most appropriate nursing intervention?

  • A. Teach the patient guided imagery.
  • B. Give the patient more control of her antiretroviral regimen.
  • C. Increase the patients activity level.
  • D. Collaborate with the patients physician to obtain an order for hydromorphone.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with AIDS experiencing extreme anxiety is to teach the patient guided imagery. Guided imagery is a relaxation technique that can help the patient reduce anxiety levels, promote a sense of calm, and improve overall well-being. By teaching the patient how to use guided imagery, the nurse empowers the patient to manage her anxiety in a non-pharmacological way. This intervention promotes self-care and allows the patient to have a tool to use independently beyond the hospital setting. Giving the patient more control of her antiretroviral regimen may be beneficial for adherence but does not directly address the anxiety symptoms. Increasing the patient's activity level may be helpful for overall well-being but may not specifically target the extreme anxiety. Collaborating with the patient's physician to obtain an order for hydromorphone, a potent opioid medication, is not appropriate unless it is indicated for severe pain management, not anxiety.

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