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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a female client who has hypovolemia. Which of the following laboratory results would be a priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
- A. BUN 21 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL)
- B. Potassium 5.8 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
- C. Creatinine 1.4 mg/dL (0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL)
- D. Sodium 132 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Potassium 5.8 mEq/L. In hypovolemia, there is a decrease in blood volume leading to electrolyte imbalances. Potassium levels outside the normal range can be life-threatening, causing cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, a potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L is a priority to report to the provider for prompt intervention.
Rationale for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: BUN within the normal range. It may indicate dehydration but not immediately life-threatening.
C: Creatinine slightly elevated, indicating kidney function impairment but not as critical as potassium imbalance.
D: Sodium within acceptable range, not an immediate concern in hypovolemia.
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A nurse is caring for a client who has diarrhea due to shigella. Which of the following precautions should the nurse implement for this client?
- A. Have the client wear a mask when receiving visitors.
- B. Limit the client's time with visitors to no more than 30 minutes per day.
- C. Assign the client to a room with negative-pressure airflow exchange.
- D. Wear a gown when caring for the client.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Limit the client's time with visitors to no more than 30 minutes per day. This is the correct precaution because shigella is transmitted through fecal-oral route. By limiting the client's time with visitors, the risk of spreading the infection to others is minimized.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Having the client wear a mask when receiving visitors is not necessary for preventing the spread of shigella, as it is not transmitted through the air.
C: Assigning the client to a room with negative-pressure airflow exchange is more suitable for airborne infections, not for shigella which is transmitted through fecal-oral route.
D: While wearing a gown when caring for the client is a good infection control practice, it is not specifically indicated for preventing the spread of shigella through contact with visitors.
Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy in public health?
- A. Screening for diabetes
- B. Vaccination programs
- C. Emergency response planning
- D. Chronic disease management
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vaccination programs. Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of disease before it occurs. Vaccination programs are a classic example as they protect individuals from contracting infectious diseases, thus preventing the occurrence of the disease in the first place. Screening for diabetes (A) is a form of secondary prevention, aiming to detect the condition early to prevent complications. Emergency response planning (C) focuses on preparedness for disasters rather than preventing diseases. Chronic disease management (D) involves managing existing conditions rather than preventing their occurrence.
Which of the following describes the ability to enter into a contract with an employer?
- A. Certification to contract
- B. Certification to represent
- C. Bargaining agreement
- D. Contract agreement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Certification to contract. Certification to contract refers to having the legal capacity and authority to enter into a contract with an employer. This means the individual meets the necessary requirements and is legally allowed to engage in contractual agreements.
Rationale:
1. Certification implies that the individual has met specific qualifications or criteria, ensuring they have the necessary skills and knowledge to engage in contract negotiations.
2. To contract indicates the ability to enter into a legally binding agreement, which is essential when establishing an employer-employee relationship.
3. The term "certification to contract" specifically addresses the ability to form contracts, distinguishing it from the other choices which do not directly relate to contractual agreements.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: Certification to represent - While representation may be involved in contract negotiations, this choice does not directly address the ability to enter into a contract with an employer.
C: Bargaining agreement - This refers to an agreement between labor and management, not the individual's ability to enter into
Which of the following is a potential benefit of social media?
- A. Sharing the fun side of nursing by posting a video of nurses singing and dancing in the hallways of the hospital while on duty
- B. Connecting with clients to keep up with their health status
- C. Connecting with the public to encourage healthy behaviors
- D. Sharing pictures of interesting clinical experiences with friends
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because connecting with the public to encourage healthy behaviors is a potential benefit of social media. It allows healthcare professionals to reach a wider audience and promote positive health practices. Choice A is inappropriate as it may violate patient confidentiality. Choice B is more focused on individual clients rather than a broader public health approach. Choice D may also risk violating patient privacy and lacks the educational aspect of promoting healthy behaviors.
Which of the following is an important aspect of note-taking?
- A. Not specific and behavior-oriented
- B. Forces the manager to deal with the problem
- C. Records only undesirable events
- D. Failure to give performance feedback
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because note-taking forces the manager to deal with the problem by documenting important information, actions, and decisions. This helps in tracking progress, identifying trends, and making informed decisions. It promotes accountability and ensures issues are addressed promptly.
A: Not specific and behavior-oriented - Incorrect. Note-taking should be specific and focus on behaviors to provide accurate and detailed information.
C: Records only undesirable events - Incorrect. Note-taking should capture both positive and negative events for a comprehensive view.
D: Failure to give performance feedback - Incorrect. Note-taking is a tool to provide feedback and track performance effectively.