Nokea
A nurse organizes a community action group to help resolve health problems in a low-income neighborhood with a large population of recent immigrants from Africa. What problem should the nurse address first?
- A. High rate of unemployment.
- B. Low immunization rate of children.
- C. Provision of substandard health care.
- D. Access to bilingual care providers.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Low immunization rate of children. Addressing low immunization rates is crucial as it directly impacts the health of children and the community by preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Option A, high rate of unemployment, though important for overall well-being, is not the most immediate health concern. Option C, provision of substandard health care, is a significant issue but may not be as urgent as ensuring children are immunized. Option D, access to bilingual care providers, is important for effective communication but is not as critical as addressing low immunization rates in this scenario.
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A client with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is receiving warfarin (Coumadin). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following laboratory values?
- A. Prothrombin time (PT)
- B. Serum potassium
- C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- D. White blood cell count (WBC)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prothrombin time (PT). Prothrombin time is monitored to assess the effectiveness of warfarin therapy. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, including factors II, VII, IX, and X. Monitoring the PT helps ensure that the client's blood is clotting within the desired therapeutic range to prevent complications such as recurrent DVT or excessive bleeding. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because serum potassium, blood urea nitrogen, and white blood cell count are not directly related to monitoring warfarin therapy in a client with a history of DVT.
What is the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health known as?
- A. Health promotion
- B. Disease prevention
- C. Rehabilitation
- D. Health education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Health promotion. Health promotion focuses on empowering individuals to take control of their health by promoting healthy behaviors, lifestyles, and environments. It aims to prevent illnesses and enhance overall well-being. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not fully encompass the concept of empowering individuals to improve their health. Disease prevention specifically targets avoiding specific illnesses, rehabilitation focuses on restoring health after an illness or injury, and health education primarily involves imparting knowledge about health-related topics.
Under the local government code, health services must be developed by the local governments. This means that local health agencies such as health centers/rural health centers must be under the:
- A. municipal government office
- B. barangay health councils
- C. district health office
- D. provincial health office
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: municipal government office. According to the local government code, local health agencies like health centers and rural health centers are managed by the municipal government office. This is because the municipal government is responsible for providing essential public services within their jurisdiction. Choice B, barangay health councils, is incorrect as they operate at a smaller administrative level than municipal government offices. Choice C, district health office, is not the correct level of government responsible for managing local health agencies. Choice D, provincial health office, is at a higher administrative level than the municipal government office and is not directly responsible for managing local health agencies.
The nurse is teaching a community group about risks of cardiovascular disease. Several clients ask the nurse to determine their risk. Which client should the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?
- A. A male with a serum cholesterol level of 199 mg/dl.
- B. A female with a serum cholesterol level of 201 mg/dl.
- C. A male with a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 200 mg/dl.
- D. A female with a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 160 mg/dl.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. A male with a high LDL level (200 mg/dl) has a significant risk for cardiovascular disease. High levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease. Choices A, B, and D have serum cholesterol levels that are slightly elevated but are not as specific or directly linked to cardiovascular risk as high LDL levels. Therefore, the client with the high LDL level is at the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease.
When discussing hypothyroidism and treatment with the family of a newborn, the nurse should emphasize
- A. Expecting mental retardation in the child is likely
- B. Administering thyroid hormone can prevent problems
- C. This rare problem is always hereditary
- D. Physical growth/development will be delayed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Administering thyroid hormone to a newborn diagnosed with hypothyroidism can prevent developmental delays and mental retardation. This treatment is crucial to ensure optimal growth and development. Choice A is incorrect because with prompt treatment, mental retardation can be prevented. Choice C is incorrect as hypothyroidism can also be acquired and not only hereditary. Choice D is incorrect as physical growth and development can be supported through timely administration of thyroid hormone.