Nokea
A nurse ________.
- A. Has the freedom to do what he likes and responsibilities.
- B. Is obliged to avoid what is wrong and do what is good.
- C. Is a person capable of knowing what is right or wrong
- D. Should have a sense of accountability for his actions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A nurse should have a sense of accountability for his actions. This means taking responsibility for one's decisions and behaviors while working in the healthcare setting. Accountability ensures that the nurse is aware of the consequences of his actions and is willing to accept ownership and follow through on commitments. It is a critical aspect of nursing practice as it helps maintain professional standards, promote patient safety, and uphold trust and integrity within the profession. Nurses are entrusted with the well-being of their patients, so being accountable for their actions is essential in providing high-quality care and maintaining ethical standards.
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A patient admitted to the ICU develops delirium characterized by acute onset confusion and agitation. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's delirium?
- A. Administer antipsychotic medications to reduce agitation.
- B. Implement environmental modifications to promote orientation.
- C. Refer the patient to a psychiatrist for further evaluation.
- D. Prescribe benzodiazepines for sedation and calming effect.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The healthcare team should prioritize implementing environmental modifications to promote orientation in a patient with delirium. Delirium is a state of acute confusion and agitation that can be triggered by various factors such as medications, infections, or metabolic disturbances. Environmental modifications involve creating a calm, quiet, and well-lit environment for the patient. Promoting proper orientation through the use of clocks, calendars, and familiar objects can help reduce confusion and improve the patient's understanding of their surroundings. These interventions are non-pharmacological and aim to address the underlying causes of delirium while minimizing the need for additional medications that may have potential side effects. Antipsychotic medications and benzodiazepines should be used judiciously and under close supervision due to the risk of adverse effects in older adults and critically ill patients. Referring the patient to a psychiatrist may be considered if the delirium is complex or if there are underlying psychiatric issues contributing to the presentation.
Which law declares that the policy of the State is to promote and upgrade the practice of profession in the country?
- A. RA 7164
- B. Code of Ethics
- C. RA 9173
- D. RA 10912
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RA 9173, also known as the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002, is the law that declares the State policy to promote and upgrade the practice of the nursing profession in the Philippines. This law provides for the regulation and maintenance of high standards of nursing education and practice in the country. It aims to ensure the welfare and professional growth of Filipino nurses and to safeguard the health of the public by maintaining competency and professionalism in the nursing profession. Therefore, RA 9173 is the correct choice that reflects the State's policy to promote and upgrade the practice of the nursing profession in the Philippines.
A patient presents with chest pain that worsens with swallowing and is relieved by leaning forward. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows diffuse ST-segment elevation. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Acute myocardial infarction
- D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The given clinical presentation of chest pain that worsens with swallowing and is relieved by leaning forward along with diffuse ST-segment elevation on an ECG is highly suggestive of pericarditis. Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac surrounding the heart. The symptoms of pericarditis can mimic those of myocardial infarction (heart attack) but can also be differentiated by certain characteristics such as the described positional chest pain, which is worsened by swallowing and relieved by leaning forward.
A patient presents with pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea on exertion. Laboratory tests reveal a low hemoglobin level, low MCV, and elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Iron deficiency anemia
- B. Thalassemia
- C. Anemia of chronic disease
- D. Megaloblastic anemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: #NAME?
A woman in active labor experiences persistent fetal malposition, with the fetus in a transverse lie presentation. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to address this abnormal labor presentation?
- A. Facilitating external cephalic version (ECV)
- B. Assisting the mother into a hands-and-knees position
- C. Preparing for immediate instrumental delivery
- D. Initiating continuous electronic fetal monitoring
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a woman in active labor experiences persistent fetal malposition, such as a transverse lie presentation, assisting the mother into a hands-and-knees position is a nursing intervention to prioritize. This position can help encourage the fetus to rotate into a more favorable position for delivery, such as a head-down position. By placing the mother in a hands-and-knees position, gravity can assist in shifting the fetus to the correct position. This intervention is non-invasive and can be effective in promoting the progress of labor and avoiding the need for more invasive interventions like instrumental delivery or cesarean section. However, if the fetus does not rotate or if there are signs of fetal distress, further interventions may be necessary.