Nokea
A nurse plans care for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) understanding that the client is most likely to experience what type of acid-base imbalance?
- A. Respiratory acidosis
- B. Respiratory alkalosis
- C. Metabolic acidosis
- D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory acidosis. In COPD, the client has impaired gas exchange leading to retention of carbon dioxide, causing respiratory acidosis. This imbalance occurs due to decreased ability to exhale carbon dioxide effectively. Respiratory alkalosis (B) is unlikely as COPD results in CO2 retention. Metabolic acidosis (C) would involve non-respiratory causes. Metabolic alkalosis (D) is not typically associated with COPD. Thus, A is the most likely acid-base imbalance in COPD.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is assessing the respiratory status of a patient who is experiencing an exacerbation of her emphysema symptoms. When preparing to auscultate, what breath sounds should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Absence of breath sounds
- B. Wheezing with discontinuous breath sounds
- C. Faint breath sounds with prolonged expiration
- D. Faint breath sounds with fine crackles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Faint breath sounds with prolonged expiration. In emphysema, the alveoli lose elasticity, leading to air trapping and difficulty in expiration. This results in faint breath sounds with prolonged expiration due to the decreased airflow. Absence of breath sounds (A) would indicate a serious issue like pneumothorax. Wheezing with discontinuous breath sounds (B) is more characteristic of asthma. Faint breath sounds with fine crackles (D) are typically heard in conditions like pneumonia or pulmonary fibrosis, not in emphysema.
The apneustic centers of the pons
- A. inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers
- B. provide stimulation to the inspiratory center
- C. monitor blood gas levels
- D. alter chemoreceptor sensitivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the apneustic centers of the pons provide stimulation to the inspiratory center in the medulla oblongata to promote inhalation. This is essential for regulating the breathing cycle. Choice A is incorrect as the apneustic centers do not inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers. Choice C is incorrect as the apneustic centers do not directly monitor blood gas levels. Choice D is incorrect as the apneustic centers do not alter chemoreceptor sensitivity.
You are supervising an RN who was pulled from the medical-surgical floor to the emergency department (ED). The nurse is providing care for a client admitted with anterior epistaxis (nosebleed). Which of these directions will you clearly provide to the RN? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Position the client supine and turned on his side.
- B. Apply direct lateral pressure to the nose for 5 minutes.
- C. Maintain universal body substance precautions.
- D. Apply ice or cool compresses to the nose.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer includes B, C, and D. Applying direct pressure (B), maintaining universal precautions (C), and applying ice or cool compresses (D) are appropriate interventions for managing epistaxis. Positioning the client supine and turned on their side (A) is incorrect as it could lead to aspiration of blood.
The nurse is caring for a patient with suspected bacterial pneumonia. Which finding supports the potential diagnosis?
- A. Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count
- B. Consolidation of lung tissue
- C. Interstitial inflammation
- D. Copious exudate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Interstitial inflammation. This finding supports the potential diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia because interstitial inflammation is a characteristic feature of bacterial pneumonia, indicating infection and inflammation in the lung tissue. Elevated WBC count (choice A) is a general sign of infection and can be present in various conditions, not specific to bacterial pneumonia. Consolidation of lung tissue (choice B) is more indicative of a severe infection such as pneumonia but is not specific to bacterial pneumonia. Copious exudate (choice D) may suggest a productive cough but does not specifically point to bacterial pneumonia. Overall, interstitial inflammation is the most specific and relevant finding to support the potential diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia.
The oxygen content of air is approximately
- A. 21 percent.
- B. 78 percent.
- C. 0.04 percent
- D. 0.96 percent.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 21 percent. Air is composed of about 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, and small amounts of other gases. This composition is crucial for sustaining life on Earth. Choice B is incorrect as it represents the percentage of nitrogen in the air. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they are the approximate percentages of carbon dioxide and argon in the air, respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it accurately reflects the oxygen content in the air.