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A nurse provides teaching for a patient scheduled for genetic testing. What should the nurse do to help the patient understand what is being taught?
- A. Use simple vocabulary.
- B. Avoid the use of jargon.
- C. Speak slowly and clearly.
- D. Ask the patient to verbalize what was learned.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking the patient to verbalize what was learned promotes active learning and helps assess the patient's understanding. It allows the nurse to clarify any misconceptions and reinforce important information. Choice A may be helpful but not sufficient. Choice B is important but may not fully address comprehension. Choice C focuses on communication style rather than assessing understanding.
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During preconception counseling, the nurse discusses the impact of advanced maternal age. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Advanced maternal age has no impact on pregnancy outcomes.
- B. Fertility declines with age, increasing the risk of complications.
- C. Only the father's age affects pregnancy success.
- D. Advanced maternal age reduces the need for prenatal care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because fertility declines with age, leading to increased risk of complications such as chromosomal abnormalities and miscarriages. This is important to emphasize during preconception counseling. Choice A is incorrect as advanced maternal age does impact pregnancy outcomes. Choice C is incorrect because both maternal and paternal age can affect pregnancy success. Choice D is incorrect as advanced maternal age actually increases the need for additional prenatal care due to higher risk factors.
A nurse is instructing a patient on the role of folic acid in preconception care. What is the correct explanation?
- A. Folic acid prevents iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.
- B. Folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus.
- C. Folic acid is only necessary during the first trimester of pregnancy.
- D. Folic acid enhances the absorption of calcium and vitamin D.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because folic acid plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus during early pregnancy. Folic acid is essential for proper development of the neural tube, which forms the baby's brain and spinal cord. This is why it is particularly important during preconception care and in the early stages of pregnancy.
Choice A is incorrect because folic acid is not specifically for preventing iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Choice C is incorrect as folic acid is important throughout pregnancy, not just in the first trimester. Choice D is incorrect because folic acid does not directly enhance the absorption of calcium and vitamin D.
What is the role of antral follicle count (AFC) in assessing fertility?
- A. It measures uterine health and implantation readiness.
- B. It estimates ovarian reserve by counting developing follicles.
- C. It identifies hormonal imbalances affecting fertility.
- D. It predicts the likelihood of male infertility.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because antral follicle count (AFC) is a direct indicator of ovarian reserve, reflecting the number of small developing follicles in the ovaries. A higher AFC indicates a larger pool of potential eggs, suggesting better fertility potential. Other choices are incorrect as AFC specifically relates to ovarian health and not uterine health (A), hormonal imbalances (C), or male fertility (D).
What is the role of ovarian stimulation in fertility treatments?
- A. To suppress ovulation and preserve egg quality.
- B. To encourage the production of multiple eggs for retrieval.
- C. To eliminate the need for embryo freezing.
- D. To improve uterine lining thickness for implantation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Ovarian stimulation in fertility treatments aims to encourage the production of multiple eggs for retrieval, increasing the chances of successful fertilization and pregnancy. By stimulating the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, fertility specialists can select the healthiest eggs for fertilization. This process is crucial for individuals with infertility issues or those undergoing assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Choice A is incorrect because ovarian stimulation does not aim to suppress ovulation but rather to enhance egg production. Choice C is incorrect because ovarian stimulation does not eliminate the need for embryo freezing; embryos may still need to be frozen for future use. Choice D is incorrect because ovarian stimulation does not directly target uterine lining thickness; it primarily focuses on egg production in the ovaries.
A nurse is discussing male infertility with a client. Which of the following is a common cause of reduced male fertility?
- A. High testosterone levels
- B. Frequent use of lubricants during intercourse
- C. Smoking and alcohol consumption
- D. Daily exercise routines
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smoking and alcohol consumption. Smoking and alcohol can negatively impact male fertility by affecting sperm quality and quantity. Smoking can lead to DNA damage in sperm, while alcohol can disrupt hormone levels. High testosterone levels (A) actually do not commonly cause reduced fertility. Frequent use of lubricants (B) may hinder sperm movement, but it's not a common cause. Daily exercise (D) can improve overall health and fertility.