NCLEX PN Exam Cram

NCLEX PN Exam Cram Related

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A nurse reviews the health history of a client who will be seeing the health care provider to obtain a prescription for a combination oral contraceptive (estrogen and progestin). Which finding in the health history would cause the nurse to determine that the use of a combination oral contraceptive is contraindicated?

  • A. The client has type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • B. The client is being treated for hypertension.
  • C. The client has been treated for breast cancer.
  • D. The client has hyperlipidemia.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is that the client has been treated for breast cancer. Combination oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin are contraindicated for women with a history of certain conditions, such as thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, known or suspected breast cancer, known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasm, benign or malignant liver tumors, and undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding. Although having type 2 diabetes mellitus, being treated for hypertension, or having hyperlipidemia are risk factors that require caution when using combination oral contraceptives, they are not absolute contraindications like a history of breast cancer.

You may also like to solve these questions

What is the best nursing diagnosis for a client with newly diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus?

  • A. Impaired Skin Integrity
  • B. Knowledge Deficit: New Diabetes Diagnosis
  • C. Alteration in Nutrition: More than Body Requirements
  • D. Fluid Volume Deficit
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Knowledge Deficit: New Diabetes Diagnosis.' Newly diagnosed diabetics require education on their disease, medications, glucose testing, insulin injections, foot care, and sick-day plans. Choices A and D aim to prevent issues that do not currently exist for the client. Choice C, 'Alteration in Nutrition: More than Body Requirements,' is not the priority diagnosis for a newly diagnosed diabetic. While nutritional adjustments may be required for type I or type II diabetes, providing knowledge and education takes precedence at this stage.

Which of the following lab values would indicate symptomatic AIDS in the medical chart? (T4 cell count per deciliter)

  • A. Greater than 1000 cells per deciliter
  • B. Less than 500 cells per deciliter
  • C. Greater than 2000 cells per deciliter
  • D. Less than 200 cells per deciliter
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A T4 cell count of less than 200 cells per deciliter indicates symptomatic AIDS. This severe depletion of T4 cells signifies advanced HIV infection and a significantly compromised immune system. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because T4 cell counts above 2000, above 1000, or below 500 cells per deciliter, respectively, are not indicative of symptomatic AIDS.

What is one characteristic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

  • A. The presence of circulating antibodies that neutralize HIV is evidence of exposure to HIV.
  • B. HIV replication occurs intracellularly.
  • C. HIV integrates its genetic material into the host cell's DNA.
  • D. DNA replication is irrelevant to HIV.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. HIV integrates its genetic material into the host cell's DNA. The virus uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy of its RNA, which is then inserted into the genetic material of the infected cell. Choice A is incorrect because the presence of antibodies does not indicate immunity to HIV but rather exposure to the virus. Choice B is incorrect as HIV replication occurs intracellularly, inside the host cell. Choice D is irrelevant to the characteristics of HIV.

A 15-year-old high school wrestler has been taking diuretics to lose weight to compete in a lower weight class. Which of the following medical tests is most likely to be given?

  • A. Lab values of Potassium and Sodium
  • B. Lab values of Glucose and Hemoglobin
  • C. ECG
  • D. CT scan
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diuretics can disrupt the sodium and potassium balance, potentially leading to cardiac complications. Monitoring the lab values of potassium and sodium is crucial to assess electrolyte imbalances due to diuretic use. Testing glucose and hemoglobin levels is not directly related to diuretic use in this context. An ECG would be indicated if there were signs or symptoms of cardiac abnormalities, but it is not the primary test to monitor the effects of diuretics. A CT scan is not typically used to assess electrolyte imbalances caused by diuretics.

A client receiving drug therapy with furosemide and digitalis requires careful observation and care. In planning care for this client, the nurse should recognize that which of the following electrolyte imbalances is most likely to occur?

  • A. hyperkalemia
  • B. hypernatremia
  • C. hypokalemia
  • D. hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a client is receiving drug therapy with furosemide and digitalis, the nurse should anticipate the development of hypokalemia due to the potassium-wasting effects of furosemide. Hypokalemia can potentiate digitalis toxicity. While hyperkalemia is a concern with some medications, it is not typically associated with furosemide and digitalis. Furosemide can lead to hyponatremia, not hypernatremia, due to its diuretic effect. Hypomagnesemia, though a possible imbalance, is not the most likely to occur in this scenario as furosemide and digitalis are more commonly associated with hypokalemia.

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