Nokea
A nurse sets an infusion pump to infuse 1 L of D5NS at the rate of $100 \mathrm{~mL} / \mathrm{hr}$. How many hours will it take to complete the infusion?
- A. 8
- B. 10
- C. 12
- D. 14
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Math rules IV timing 1 L (1000 mL) at 100 mL/hr divides to 10 hours, a straightforward calc nurses nail for fluid planning. Missteps like 8 or 12 flub the rate; 14's way off. Precision here ensures hydration or med delivery hits the mark, a basic skill keeping care on track.
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In CSF of a patient with viral meningitis, the most prominent white cell is usually?
- A. monocytes
- B. lymphocytes
- C. polymorphs
- D. eosinophils
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Viral meningitis pulls lymphocytes immune sentinels flood CSF, not polymorphs of bacterial wars, monocytes lagging, eosinophils for worms, or vague granulocytes. It's the chronic viral signature nurses spot this shift, ruling out pus-filled bacterial chaos with one cell peek.
Appropriate statements concerning radiology and trauma interventional radiology include:
- A. To rule out injury of the cervical spine in the unconscious patient, application of a protocol involving a computed tomography (CT) scan to the neck is recommended.
- B. A FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma) scan is a specific investigation for assessment of intraperitoneal bleeding.
- C. In a patient who is persistently hypotensive in the emergency department despite adequate fluid resuscitation, radiological interventions to treat bleeding caused by a pelvic fracture are not recommended.
- D. Interventional radiology has a role in the management of injuries to the liver, kidney and spleen.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trauma radiology optimizes diagnosis and intervention. CT is the gold standard for cervical spine assessment in unconscious patients, per NICE guidelines, offering high sensitivity for fractures/ligamentous injury versus plain films. FAST scans detect free fluid (e.g., blood) intraperitoneally but lack specificity positive findings need confirmation (e.g., CT). Persistent hypotension with pelvic fracture warrants interventional radiology (e.g., embolization), not dismissal contrary to the statement. Interventional radiology manages solid organ injuries (liver, kidney, spleen) via embolization, reducing surgical need. Staffing in radiology matches theatre for critical cases. CT's diagnostic precision in cervical spine trauma ensures timely, accurate management, critical in unconscious patients where clinical exam is unreliable.
Which of the following statements regarding factors leading to obesity is FALSE?
- A. The factors known to cause obesity are complex and multiple
- B. Twin, family and adoption studies show that the rate of heritability of BMI is high, ranging from 40% to 70% demonstrating a major genetic component
- C. More recent studies have identified a potential role for the microbial content of the skin
- D. Emotional factors are well-known to be potent modulators of appetite
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obesity's mess genes, emotions, drugs stack up; gut microbes, not skin, tip scales. Nurses sift this chronic cause pile, nixing dermal fluff.
In Netherlands, women who had pregnancy diabetes are advised to be tested regularly for diabetes. Question: This test is an example of which type of prevention?
- A. Universal prevention
- B. Selective prevention
- C. Indicated prevention
- D. Care-related prevention
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-gestational checks indicated, high-risk group, not all, some, or sick. Nurses track this, a chronic red flag watch.
While a patient is receiving IV doxorubicin hydrochloride for the treatment of cancer, the nurse observes swelling and pain at the IV site. The nurse should prioritize what action?
- A. Stopping the administration of the drug immediately
- B. Notifying the patient's physician
- C. Continuing the infusion but decreasing the rate
- D. Applying a warm compress to the infusion site
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Doxorubicin's a vesicant swelling and pain scream extravasation, where it leaks into tissue, risking severe necrosis. Stopping the IV stat is priority to limit damage; delaying could worsen injury. Notifying the physician follows, but action comes first. Slowing the infusion keeps pumping toxin into the site disastrous. Warm compresses might spread the drug, unlike ice, which can help post-stoppage per protocol. Nurses must act fast, knowing vesicants like doxorubicin (an anthracycline) demand immediate cessation and often antidotes (e.g., dexrazoxane), critical in oncology to prevent permanent harm from chemo mishaps.