Nokea
A nurse teaches a client about self-monitoring of blood glucose levels. Which statement should the nurse include in this client's teaching to prevent bloodborne infections?
- A. Wash your hands after completing each test.
- B. Do not share your monitoring equipment.
- C. Wipe excess blood from the strip with a cotton ball.
- D. Use gloves when monitoring your blood glucose.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sharing monitoring equipment can transmit bloodborne infections like hepatitis B, which can survive in dried blood. Not sharing equipment is critical. Washing hands before testing, not after, is recommended. Wiping blood with a cotton ball or using gloves is not standard practice for preventing infections.
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An emergency department nurse assesses a client with ketoacidosis. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse correlate with this condition?
- A. Increased rate and depth of respiration.
- B. Extremity tremors followed by seizure activity.
- C. Oral temperature of 102°F (38.9°C).
- D. Severe orthostatic hypotension.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kussmaul respirations (rapid, deep breathing) are a hallmark of diabetic ketoacidosis as the body attempts to compensate for metabolic acidosis by eliminating carbon dioxide. Tremors, fever, or orthostatic hypotension are not primary manifestations.
A nurse teaches a client with diabetes mellitus who is experiencing numbness and reduced sensation. Which statement should the nurse include in this client's teaching to prevent injury?
- A. Examine your feet using a mirror every day.
- B. Rotate your insulin injection sites every week.
- C. Check your blood glucose level before each meal.
- D. Use a bath thermometer to test the water temperature.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clients with reduced sensation are at risk for burns from hot bathwater. Using a thermometer to check water temperature prevents injury. Daily foot checks, site rotation, and glucose monitoring are important but do not directly prevent burns.
A nurse cares for a client who has diabetes mellitus. The nurse administers 6 units of regular insulin and 10 units of NPH insulin at 0700. At which time should the nurse assess the client for potential problems related to the NPH insulin?
- A. 800
- B. 1600
- C. 2000
- D. 2300
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: NPH insulin peaks 4"?12 hours after administration (0700), so 1600 is within the peak time for potential hypoglycemia. 0800 is too early, and 2000/2300 are too late.
A nurse cares for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. The client asks, 'Is it okay for me to have an occasional glass of wine?' How should the nurse respond?
- A. Drinking any wine or alcohol will increase your insulin requirements.
- B. Because of poor kidney function, people with diabetes should avoid alcohol.
- C. You should not drink alcohol because it will make you hungry and overeat.
- D. One glass of wine is okay with a meal and is counted as two fat exchanges.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Moderate alcohol, like one glass of wine with a meal, is acceptable for well-controlled diabetes and is counted as two fat exchanges. Alcohol does not directly increase insulin needs, affect kidney function in this context, or necessarily cause overeating.
After teaching a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of vegetables with higher amounts of dietary fiber.
- B. My intake of saturated fats should be no more than 10% of my total calories.
- C. I should decrease my intake of protein and eliminate carbohydrates from my diet.
- D. My intake of water is not restricted by my treatment plan or medication regimen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eliminating carbohydrates is incorrect; complex carbohydrates should be included in a diabetic diet. Protein reduction may be needed with microalbuminuria, but not elimination. The other statements are correct.