Nokea
A nurse teaches a student nurse about the pharmacological classification of drugs. The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred when the student makes which response?
- A. An anti-anginal treats angina.
- B. A calcium channel blocker blocks heart calcium channels.
- C. An antihypertensive lowers blood pressure.
- D. An anticoagulant influences blood clotting.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'A calcium channel blocker blocks heart calcium channels.' Page 5 states pharmacological classification focuses on mechanism of action, which B reflects. A, C, and D describe therapeutic uses, not mechanisms. The text distinguishes these classifications, confirming B shows the student's understanding of pharmacological principles.
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Which of the following drugs is considered a pro-drug and where is it activated?
- A. Bempedoic Acid, in skeletal muscles
- B. Inclisiran, in the liver
- C. Bempedoic Acid, in liver and skeletal muscle
- D. Bempedoic Acid, in the liver only
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D' is correct because bempedoic acid is a pro-drug activated in the liver to inhibit ACLY, per pharmacology. 'A' and 'C' misplace activation—skeletal muscle isn't involved. 'B' (inclisiran) isn't a pro-drug. 'E' (PCSK9 mAbs) is extraneous. Liver activation defines bempedoic acid's action.
Patient comes into the ER with gallstones. After further investigations, you find out that he is on drugs to treat his hyperlipidemia. Which of the following drugs could have caused his gallstones?
- A. Niacin
- B. Fenofibrate
- C. Ezetimibe
- D. Lovastatin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B' is correct because fenofibrate (fibrate) increases gallstone risk by altering bile acid composition, per clinical data. 'A' (niacin), 'C' (ezetimibe), and 'D' (lovastatin) lack strong gallstone links. Fenofibrate's effect on cholesterol saturation in bile is causative.
Controlled substances should be kept separate from other drugs and in a securely locked area.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. Not applicable
- D. Not applicable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: True' is correct because DEA regulations mandate controlled substances be stored separately and locked securely to prevent theft or misuse. 'False' contradicts this safety requirement. 'Not applicable' fits C/D. Secure storage, like double-locked cabinets, is standard in medical settings to comply with federal law, per pharmacology protocols.
A noncompetitive antagonist
- A. binds to the same receptor site as the binding site for the agonist.
- B. causes a shift to the right in the dose-response curve.
- C. enhances the maximal response of the agonist.
- D. reduces the maximal response of the agonist.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Noncompetitive antagonists reduce maximal response (D) by binding different sites, per the text, making it correct. A is competitive, B is competitive effect, C is false, confirming D.
A patient is considering using herbal supplements and asks the nurse about them. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Herbal supplements are safe to use because they are regulated closely
- B. Herbal supplements can affect the way other medications will act
- C. Taking more than the recommended amount usually is not harmful because they are natural
- D. The risk of the supplement interacting with any prescription medications is extremely low
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Herbal supplements can interact with medications (B), per the text. They aren't closely regulated (A), overdosing can harm (C), and interaction risk isn't low (D). The text warns of potential effects, making B the most appropriate advice.