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A nurse would attempt to reduce nighttime agitation for a patient with either delirium or dementia by:
- A. giving warm milk as a snack at bedtime.
- B. keeping a soft light on in the patient's room.
- C. placing a large-faced lighted alarm clock opposite the bed.
- D. hanging family pictures near enough to the bed to be easily seen.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: keeping a soft light on in the patient's room. This helps to reduce nighttime agitation by providing a soothing environment without complete darkness, which can cause confusion and disorientation in patients with delirium or dementia. Warm milk (A) may not address the underlying cause of agitation. A large-faced lighted alarm clock (C) may be distracting and increase confusion. Family pictures (D) may not directly impact nighttime agitation and could potentially overstimulate the patient.
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A child, aged 11 years, stays home from school to care for his siblings while his mother works, because the family cannot afford a babysitter. The home is cluttered and dirty when the community mental health nurse visits to investigate the child's school absences. When the parents arrive home from work, the child's father behaves angrily. He orders his wife and son about. He finds fault with the son, asking him twice, 'Why are you such a stupid kid?' The wife tells the nurse she has difficulty disciplining the children and gets frustrated easily. The nurse desires to build some trust and continue to gather assessment data. The remark or question that would interfere with the nurse's goals is:
- A. Tell me what happens when the children misbehave.'
- B. When your baby cries, how do you get him to stop?'
- C. Caring for three young children must be difficult.'
- D. Do you or your husband ever beat the children?'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Asking about physical abuse can be perceived as accusatory, defensive, or judgmental, hindering trust-building and data collection. It may lead to denial or termination of communication. Choices A and B are relevant to understanding parenting skills, while C shows empathy. These questions align with the nurse's goal of assessing the family's dynamics without inciting defensiveness or shutting down communication.
Which of the following is the most common childhood mental disorder?
- A. ADHD
- B. Aspergers syndrome
- C. Conduct disorder
- D. Enuresis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder) is the most common mental disorder in the 8 to 15 year old age group.
In DSM-IV-TR intellectual disabilities are divided into a number of degrees of severity, depending primarily on the range of IQ score provided by the sufferer. One of these is Profound Mental Retardation, represented by an IQ score below:
- A. 20-25
- B. 25-30
- C. 15-20
- D. 15-Oct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Profound Mental Retardation: Defined by DSM-IV-TR as an IQ score below 20-25.
When people successfully adapt to their environment by using logical thought and socially appropriate ways, they are said to be functioning at the adaptive end of the _____ continuum.
- A. Emotional
- B. Self-protective
- C. Neurobiological
- D. Psychobiological
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Neurobiological. This is because neurobiological factors refer to the brain's functioning and how it affects behavior and cognition. When individuals adapt to their environment using logical thought and socially appropriate ways, it indicates a high level of cognitive and behavioral functioning, which is closely tied to neurobiological processes.
A: Emotional is incorrect because emotional factors focus on feelings and affective responses, not necessarily on logical thought and social appropriateness.
B: Self-protective is incorrect as it pertains to behaviors aimed at ensuring one's safety and security, which may not necessarily involve logical thought and social appropriateness.
D: Psychobiological is incorrect as it encompasses the interaction between psychological and biological processes, which may not specifically relate to adaptive functioning in the given context.
What is a common consequence of long-term purging in patients with bulimia nervosa?
- A. Improved digestive health and better nutrient absorption.
- B. Increased risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
- C. Improved self-esteem and body image.
- D. Decreased risk of cardiovascular problems and hypertension.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because long-term purging in patients with bulimia nervosa can lead to increased risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Purging behaviors such as vomiting or laxative abuse can disrupt the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, potentially causing dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. These imbalances can have serious health consequences, including cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and kidney damage.
Incorrect choices:
A: Improved digestive health and better nutrient absorption - Purging does not improve digestive health or nutrient absorption; rather, it can lead to nutrient deficiencies.
C: Improved self-esteem and body image - Purging behaviors are harmful and do not lead to improved self-esteem or body image.
D: Decreased risk of cardiovascular problems and hypertension - Purging behaviors can actually increase the risk of cardiovascular problems due to electrolyte imbalances and dehydration.