Nokea
A nurse would cautiously administer sedatives and hypnotics to clients with which of the following?
- A. Hepatic impairment
- B. Hypertension
- C. Renal impairment
- D. Mental health problems
- E. Habitual alcohol use
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: A nurse should use caution when administering sedatives and hypnotics to clients with hepatic or renal impairment, habitual alcohol use, and mental health problems and in clients who are lactating.
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A client who is prescribed a hypnotic asks the nurse, 'About how long will I be taking this medication?' Which time frame would the nurse most likely include in the response?
- A. 2 weeks
- B. 4 weeks
- C. 6 weeks
- D. 8 weeks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sedatives and hypnotics are best given for no more than 2 weeks and preferably for a shorter time. Sedatives and hypnotics can become less effective after they are taken for a prolonged period.
A client admitted to the health care facility for insomnia related to stress is prescribed a sedative. Which of the following would the nurse include in the plan of care to promote the effectiveness of the drug?
- A. Encourage plenty of fluids.
- B. Provide back rubs.
- C. Offer fiber-rich food.
- D. Give the client coffee or tea.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Back rubs are relaxing and help promote the effectiveness of the sedative. Fluids and fiber prevent constipation. Coffee and tea contain caffeine, which could interfere with the drug's effectiveness.
A nurse suggests melatonin to a client traveling overseas on a 2-week business trip to help with jet lag. The nurse would alert the client to the possibility of which adverse reaction?
- A. Depression
- B. Hypotension
- C. Headache
- D. Dry mouth
- E. Constipation
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: The nurse should advise the client that headache, depression, and allergic reaction are possible adverse reactions that can occur with the use of melatonin.
Which of the following are examples of supportive care the nurse can provide to a client receiving a sedative or hypnotic drug to promote the effects of the drug?
- A. Darkening the client's room
- B. Discouraging caffeine intake
- C. Providing a quiet atmosphere
- D. Administering back rubs
- E. Waking the client to check consciousness
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: To promote the effects of the sedative or hypnotic drug, the nurse can provide supportive care, such as giving back rubs, using night lights or making the room dark, providing a quiet atmosphere, and discouraging caffeine use.
A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation about hypnotics. Which of the following would the nurse plan to include?
- A. Usually, given during the daytime hours
- B. Helpful in reducing anxiety
- C. Most likely administered at bedtime
- D. Exert a calming effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A hypnotic is a drug that induces drowsiness or sleep, meaning it allows the patient to fall asleep and stay asleep. Hypnotics are given at night or bedtime. A sedative is a drug that produces a relaxing, calming effect. Sedatives are usually given during daytime hours, and although they may make the patient drowsy, they usually do not produce sleep.