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A nurse would evaluate that a family education plan for preventing childhood eating problems has met the stated objectives if which outcome is evident?
- A. Parents serve three meals per day plus midmorning, midafternoon, and bedtime snacks.
- B. Parents indicate an interest in learning about healthier eating patterns for their children.
- C. Parents use food to reward their children for only especially good behavior or outstanding achievements.
- D. Parents keep a diary to record both physical and psychological signs of hunger.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates that parents are actively engaged and interested in learning about healthier eating patterns for their children, aligning with the objective of preventing childhood eating problems. This outcome indicates a willingness to make positive changes in the family's approach to nutrition.
A: While providing structured meal times and snacks is important, this choice does not necessarily reflect an understanding of healthier eating patterns or prevention of eating problems.
C: Using food as a reward can actually contribute to unhealthy eating habits and does not align with the goal of preventing childhood eating problems.
D: Keeping a diary to record signs of hunger is useful, but it does not directly address the objective of learning about healthier eating patterns.
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The characteristic in individuals with personality disorders that makes it most necessary for staff to schedule frequent meetings is:
- A. flexibility and unconventional responses to stress.
- B. a desire to achieve emotional intimacy with staff.
- C. a tendency to evoke countertransference and conflict.
- D. an impaired ability to develop trusting relationships.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because individuals with personality disorders often evoke countertransference and conflict in staff due to their challenging behaviors and interpersonal dynamics. This can lead to potential misunderstandings and ineffective treatment if not addressed through frequent meetings. Option A is incorrect as flexibility and unconventional responses to stress are not typically the primary concern necessitating frequent meetings. Option B is incorrect as a desire for emotional intimacy is not necessarily a reason for staff to schedule frequent meetings. Option D is incorrect as an impaired ability to develop trusting relationships might be a symptom of a personality disorder, but it is not the characteristic that most necessitates frequent meetings.
The wife of a client who is being seen in the sleep clinic states that her husband snores terribly at night and that she has to shake him to get him to stop. The client complains of a headache upon wakening and often falls asleep during the day when he sits for long periods. This client is exhibiting signs and symptoms characteristic of:
- A. Narcolepsy.
- B. Parasomnia.
- C. Sleep apnea.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sleep apnea. This client is showing classic signs of obstructive sleep apnea, including loud snoring, waking up with headaches, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Snoring and the need for physical stimulation to stop snoring are common in sleep apnea. The headaches may be due to disrupted sleep patterns and oxygen deprivation. Excessive daytime sleepiness is a result of poor quality sleep.
Choice A (Narcolepsy) is incorrect because narcolepsy is characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day, often accompanied by cataplexy and sleep paralysis, which are not mentioned in the scenario.
Choice B (Parasomnia) is incorrect because parasomnias involve abnormal behaviors during sleep, such as sleepwalking or night terrors, which are not described in the scenario.
Choice D (None of the above) is incorrect because the symptoms described align with obstructive sleep apnea.
You are a nurse meeting for the first time with a stage 3 Alzheimer's patient who is newly referred to your home health agency. Which assessment data about the patient and caregiver(s) would be most important to acquire during your first visit to the family's home?
- A. Is the house design such that patient access to exits and stairways can be restricted?
- B. Does the family understand that the disease is likely to prove fatal within 3 to 5 years?
- C. What resources is the patient's family able to access in their particular community?
- D. What activities or memories are most comforting and calming for the patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Ensuring patient safety is the top priority in caring for a stage 3 Alzheimer's patient in a home setting.
Step 2: Restricting access to exits and stairways is crucial to prevent the patient from wandering or falling.
Step 3: This assessment data is essential for implementing safety measures and preventing potential harm to the patient.
Step 4: Choices B, C, and D, while important, do not directly address the immediate safety concerns of the patient.
Which factor most significantly impacts early mental development?
- A. Nutrition
- B. Sleep
- C. Genetics
- D. Play
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nutrition (A) is critical for early brain growth, providing essential nutrients for neural development. Sleep (B), genetics (C), and play (D) are important, but nutrition has the most direct and foundational impact in early years.
To evaluate whether patient teaching for coping skills has been effective, the psychiatric-mental health nurse asks an adolescent patient to:
- A. consider the outcomes objectively
- B. keep a written journal
- C. perform a return demonstration
- D. set measurable goals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A return demonstration shows the patient can apply coping skills, providing tangible evidence of learning.