HESI Basic Care of Patient

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A nursing assistant's care for a person with a developmental disability includes

  • A. Offering praise only following a big accomplishment
  • B. Actively discouraging social interaction
  • C. Breaking tasks into small steps
  • D. Limiting conversation to residents who can verbalize
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Breaking tasks into small steps. This approach is essential when caring for individuals with developmental disabilities to facilitate understanding and successful completion of tasks. Breaking tasks into small steps helps individuals focus, reduces overwhelm, and promotes independence.

A: Offering praise only following a big accomplishment is incorrect as continuous positive reinforcement is important in building self-esteem and motivation.

B: Actively discouraging social interaction is incorrect as social interaction is crucial for emotional well-being and overall development.

D: Limiting conversation to residents who can verbalize is incorrect as communication can take various forms, and it is important to support and encourage communication in all individuals, regardless of their verbal abilities.

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At what time would a nurse assess the gait of an ambulatory patient?

  • A. after the neurologic assessment
  • B. at the end of the physical examination
  • C. while the patient is lying supine on the examining table
  • D. when the patient walks into the room
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Gait is best observed naturally as the patient enters.

Special tags used by surveyors to cite problems in healthcare facilities are called

  • A. S-tags
  • B. F-tags
  • C. I-tags
  • D. P-tags
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: F-tags. In healthcare facilities, surveyors use F-tags to cite problems found during inspections. These tags are part of the regulatory guidelines set by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to ensure compliance with health and safety standards. S-tags, I-tags, and P-tags do not specifically refer to the citations used by surveyors in healthcare facilities. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it directly relates to the tagging system used for identifying issues in healthcare settings.

Strategies for better communication with residents who have AD include

  • A. Only talking about one subject at a time.
  • B. Not repeating instructions.
  • C. Nonverbal cues are not helpful.
  • D. Telling residents “don't” for unsafe actions.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Only talking about one subject at a time. This strategy is effective for individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) because it reduces confusion and cognitive overload. By focusing on one topic, communication becomes clearer and easier for the resident to process. It allows for better understanding and engagement.

Choice B is incorrect because repeating instructions can be beneficial for residents with AD to reinforce memory and understanding. Choice C is incorrect as nonverbal cues such as gestures and facial expressions can aid in communication when verbal language becomes challenging. Choice D is incorrect as using positive language and redirection is more effective than telling residents what not to do.

Holistic care focuses on

  • A. The whole person, including physical, mental, and social well-being
  • B. The person's disease and disabilities
  • C. How sick a person is
  • D. The absence of disease and illness
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because holistic care emphasizes addressing the whole person, including physical, mental, and social well-being. This approach recognizes that health is influenced by various factors beyond just the physical body. Option B is incorrect as it only focuses on the disease and disabilities, neglecting other aspects of a person's well-being. Option C is incorrect as it solely concentrates on the sickness level rather than the holistic needs of the individual. Option D is incorrect as it only defines health in terms of the absence of disease, overlooking the importance of mental and social well-being.

A 22-year-old man is brought to the hospital after crashing his motorcycle into a telephone pole. He is unconscious and in profound shock. He has no open wounds or obvious fractures. The cause of his shock is MOST LIKELY caused by:

  • A. A subdural hematoma
  • B. An epidural hematoma
  • C. A transected lumbar spinal cord
  • D. Hemorrhage into the chest or abdomen
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hemorrhage into the chest or abdomen. In this scenario, the man has no open wounds or obvious fractures, ruling out subdural and epidural hematomas. A transected spinal cord would result in neurological deficits rather than shock. Hemorrhage into the chest or abdomen can lead to significant blood loss causing shock, especially in trauma patients. This is supported by the mechanism of injury (motorcycle crash) and the absence of external bleeding.