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A nursing instructor is teaching about specific phobias. Which student statement should indicate that learning has occurred?
- A. These clients do not recognize that their fear is excessive, and they rarely seek treatment.
- B. These clients have overwhelming symptoms of panic when exposed to the phobic stimulus.
- C. These clients experience symptoms that mirror a cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
- D. These clients experience the symptoms of tachycardia, dysphagia, and diaphoresis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it accurately describes a key feature of specific phobias: individuals experience intense panic symptoms when exposed to the phobic stimulus. This indicates learning as it demonstrates understanding of the characteristic behavioral response in specific phobias. Choice A is incorrect as it describes characteristics of agoraphobia, not specific phobias. Choice C is incorrect as it describes symptoms of a stroke, not specific phobias. Choice D is incorrect as it lists symptoms that are not typically associated with specific phobias.
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An employee uses the defense mechanism of displacement when the boss openly disagrees with suggestions. What behavior would be expected from this employee?
- A. The employee assertively confronts the boss
- B. The employee leaves the staff meeting to work out in the gym
- C. The employee criticizes a coworker
- D. The employee takes the boss out to lunch
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Displacement is a defense mechanism where emotions are redirected from the original source to a substitute target. In this case, the employee is likely to displace their anger from the boss onto a coworker by criticizing them. This behavior allows the employee to express their feelings indirectly.
A: Assertively confronting the boss does not align with displacement as it involves direct confrontation.
B: Leaving the meeting to work out in the gym is a form of avoidance and does not involve displacing emotions onto another target.
D: Taking the boss out to lunch is more of a conciliatory gesture and does not involve displacing negative emotions onto someone else.
A physically and emotionally healthy client has just been fired. During a routine office visit he states to a nurse: Perhaps this was the best thing to happen. Maybe Ill look into pursuing an art degree. How should the nurse characterize the clients appraisal of the job loss stressor?
- A. Irrelevant
- B. Harm/loss
- C. Threatening
- D. Challenging
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Challenging. The client's statement indicates a positive reframing of the job loss as an opportunity for personal growth. This suggests that the client views the situation as a challenge to adapt and pursue a new path. This perspective aligns with the concept of stress as a potential source of growth and development, known as the challenge appraisal.
Summary:
A: Irrelevant - The client's statement demonstrates relevance to his future plans, making this choice incorrect.
B: Harm/loss - The client's positive outlook does not reflect a perception of harm or loss, making this choice incorrect.
C: Threatening - The client's statement does not convey a perception of threat, making this choice incorrect.
During the sixth week of a 10-week parenting skills group, a nurse observes as several members get into a heated dispute about spanking. As a group, they decide to create a pros-and-cons poster on the use of physical discipline. At this time, what is the role of the group leader?
- A. To referee the debate
- B. To adamantly oppose physical discipline measures
- C. To redirect the group to a less controversial topic
- D. To encourage the group to solve the problem collectively
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: To encourage the group to solve the problem collectively. The role of the group leader in this situation is to promote group cohesion and problem-solving skills. By encouraging the group to collectively address the issue of differing opinions on spanking, the leader fosters open communication, respect for diverse perspectives, and teamwork. This approach allows group members to explore the topic in a constructive manner, learn from each other, and reach a consensus or understanding.
Choice A is incorrect because the leader's role is not to referee or take sides in the debate. Choice B is incorrect as the leader should not impose personal views but facilitate a balanced discussion. Choice C is incorrect as avoiding controversial topics hinders group growth and learning.
Which client statement reflects an understanding of the effect of circadian rhythms on a person?
- A. When I dream about my mothers horrible train accident, I become hysterical. B. I get really irritable during my menstrual cycle.C. Im a morning person. I get my best work done in the a.m.
- B. Every February, I tend to experience periods of sadness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the client statement "I'm a morning person. I get my best work done in the a.m." reflects an understanding of circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are the body's internal clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and influences energy levels and productivity throughout the day. Being a morning person indicates that this individual's peak productivity aligns with their body's natural circadian rhythm, which typically results in better performance during the morning hours.
Choice A is incorrect as it relates to a traumatic dream triggering hysteria, not circadian rhythms. Choice B is incorrect as it mentions experiencing sadness in February, which is more likely related to seasonal affective disorder rather than circadian rhythms.
From an interpersonal theory perspective, which intervention would a nurse use to assist a client diagnosed with major depressive disorder?
- A. Offer family therapy sessions
- B. Discuss childhood events
- C. Teach alternate coping skills
- D. Encourage discussion of feelings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because family therapy sessions can help address underlying family dynamics contributing to the client's depression. This intervention aligns with interpersonal theory, which focuses on improving relationships and communication within the client's social network. Family therapy can enhance support systems and promote healthier interactions.
Option B is incorrect as discussing childhood events may not directly address current interpersonal difficulties. Option C, teaching coping skills, is helpful but may not target the interpersonal issues specific to major depressive disorder. Option D, encouraging discussion of feelings, is important but may not address the broader interpersonal dynamics impacting the client's condition.