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A nursing student is assigned to care for a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. When talking about this patient in a clinical postconference, the student would use which terminology when referring to the patient?
- A. Committed patient
- B. Schizophrenic
- C. Schizophrenic patient
- D. Person with schizophrenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Person with schizophrenia. This terminology aligns with person-first language, which emphasizes the individuality and humanity of the patient over their diagnosis. It is important to use person-first language to promote respect and reduce stigma. Using terms like "committed patient" (A) can be stigmatizing and inaccurate, as not all patients with schizophrenia are committed involuntarily. "Schizophrenic" (B) and "schizophrenic patient" (C) both label the individual by their diagnosis, which can be dehumanizing and reduce their identity to just their condition. In contrast, "person with schizophrenia" (D) acknowledges the personhood of the individual first and foremost.
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A nurse engaged in an interaction with a patient recognizes body space zones. Which of the following would the nurse identify as the individual's personal zone?
- A. Beginning at the boundary of the intimate zone and ending at the social zone
- B. Extending outward from the border to the public zone
- C. Surrounding and protecting an individual from others, especially outsiders
- D. The most distant boundary that can be used for recognizing intruders
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the personal zone is the space ranging from 18 inches to 4 feet from an individual, which falls between the intimate zone (0-18 inches) and the social zone (4-12 feet). This zone is where most interactions with acquaintances occur.
Choice B is incorrect because the public zone extends beyond the social zone and is typically used for public speaking or formal presentations.
Choice C is incorrect because it describes the concept of a protective or defensive space, not the personal zone.
Choice D is incorrect because the concept of recognizing intruders pertains more to territoriality and is not specific to identifying personal space zones.
A patient is experiencing moderate anxiety. The nurse encourages the patient to talk about feelings and concerns. What is the rationale for this intervention?
- A. Offering hope allays and defuses the patient's anxiety.
- B. Concerns stated aloud become less overwhelming and help problem solving begin.
- C. Anxiety is reduced by focusing on and validating what is occurring in the environment.
- D. Encouraging patients to explore alternatives increases the sense of control and lessens anxiety.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because verbalizing feelings and concerns can help the patient process and understand their emotions, making them feel less overwhelming. This can facilitate problem-solving by breaking down complex issues into smaller, manageable parts. By talking about their concerns, the patient can also receive support and feedback from the nurse, leading to a sense of relief and empowerment.
Incorrect answer explanations:
A: Offering hope may be comforting but does not directly address the patient's current anxiety by helping them process and verbalize their feelings.
C: Focusing on the environment may not necessarily address the patient's internal feelings and concerns, which are key in managing anxiety.
D: While exploring alternatives can increase a sense of control, it may not directly address the immediate need to process and verbalize emotions to reduce anxiety.
A client on a psychiatric unit says,"It's a waste of time to be here. I can't talk to you or anyone." Which would be an appropriate therapeutic nursing response?
- A. "I find that hard to believe."
- B. "Are you feeling that no one understands?"
- C. "I think you should calm down and look on the positive side."
- D. "Our staff here is excellent, and you are in good hands."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates empathy and encourages the client to express their feelings. By asking if the client feels that no one understands, the nurse acknowledges the client's emotions and opens the door for further discussion. Choice A is confrontational and may make the client defensive. Choice C dismisses the client's feelings and is not validating. Choice D is a vague reassurance that does not address the client's concerns.
A client is prescribed disulfiram as part of his alcohol treatment program to prevent relapse. The client asks the nurse, 'How will this drug help me?' Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. It will help to cure your alcoholism.'
- B. It can help to prevent you from drinking.'
- C. It makes the withdrawal symptoms less troublesome.'
- D. It helps to clear the alcohol out of your body.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: It can help to prevent you from drinking. Disulfiram works by causing unpleasant symptoms (such as nausea, vomiting, and headache) when alcohol is consumed, acting as a deterrent to drinking. This helps the client stay sober and avoid relapse.
Incorrect choices:
A: It will help to cure your alcoholism - Disulfiram does not cure alcoholism but helps manage it.
C: It makes the withdrawal symptoms less troublesome - Disulfiram does not address withdrawal symptoms.
D: It helps to clear the alcohol out of your body - Disulfiram does not clear alcohol from the body but rather prevents its metabolism, leading to adverse effects if alcohol is consumed.
Which individual is demonstrating the highest level of resilience?
- A. Is able to repress stressors.
- B. Becomes depressed after the death of a spouse.
- C. Lives in a shelter for 2 years after the home is destroyed by fire.
- D. Takes a temporary job to maintain financial stability after loss of a permanent job.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the individual demonstrates resilience by adapting to adversity and taking proactive steps to maintain financial stability after a setback. This shows a positive coping mechanism and ability to bounce back.
A is incorrect as repressing stressors is not a healthy way of dealing with challenges. B is incorrect as becoming depressed indicates a lack of resilience. C, although a challenging situation, does not necessarily indicate the highest level of resilience as the individual is not actively taking steps to improve their situation.