Basic Principles of Pharmacology PDF

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A nursing student is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a patient and reviews information about the drug and its actions. Which of the following would be the best choice for obtaining this information?

  • A. Nursing instructor
  • B. Nurse assigned to the patient
  • C. Clinical drug reference
  • D. Prescribing health care provider
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A clinical drug reference (C) is the best choice for detailed, accurate drug information, supplemented by a clinical pharmacist (E, not listed here but in the original). Instructors (A), assigned nurses (B), and providers (D) can offer insights, but a reference provides comprehensive, standardized data on drug actions. The text notes these as top resources, ensuring the student has reliable, up-to-date details for safe administration.

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Controlled substances in schedule require a written prescription with the provider's signature and do not permit refills.

  • A. II, III, and IV
  • B. II and III
  • C. III and IV
  • D. II only
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Schedule II only (D) requires written prescriptions without refills, per the text, making it correct. III and IV allow telephoned prescriptions and refills, ruling out A, B, and C.

According to the Vaughan-Williams classification of antiarrhythmic drugs, which class works as potassium-channel blockers?

  • A. Class I
  • B. Class II
  • C. Class III
  • D. Class IV
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Class III (Choice C) antiarrhythmics, like amiodarone, block potassium channels, prolonging repolarization and the action potential, making it correct. Class I (Choice A) blocks sodium channels, Class II (Choice B) are beta-blockers, and Class IV (Choice D) block calcium channels, none targeting potassium, confirming C.

Which of the following drugs is a beta-blocker used for AV nodal dependent atrial arrhythmias?

  • A. Verapamil
  • B. Amiodarone
  • C. Metoprolol
  • D. Lidocaine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: C' is correct because metoprolol, a beta-blocker (Class II), slows AV node conduction, controlling atrial arrhythmias, per cardiology. 'A' (verapamil) is Class IV. 'B' (amiodarone) is broad. 'D' (lidocaine) is ventricular. Metoprolol targets AV node.

Bempedoic Acid can be combined with which of the following?

  • A. PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies
  • B. Statins
  • C. Inclisiran
  • D. Ezetimibe
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: E' (B+D) is correct because bempedoic acid combines with statins and ezetimibe for synergistic LDL reduction, per guidelines. 'A' (PCSK9 mAbs) and 'C' (inclisiran) are possible but less common. Statins (low-dose due to myopathy risk) and ezetimibe enhance bempedoic acid's effect safely.

The nurse explains the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA's) schedule of controlled substances to the nursing assistant who asks, 'Do you ever get a prescription for Schedule I medications?' What is the nurse's best response?

  • A. Schedule I medications have no medical use so they are not prescribed
  • B. Schedule I medications have the lowest risk for abuse and do not require a prescription
  • C. Schedule I medications are only prescribed in monitored units for patient safety
  • D. Schedule I medications are found in antitussives and antidiarrheals sold over the counter
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Schedule I drugs (A) have no medical use and aren't prescribed, per the text, making it the best response. Low risk (B) is Schedule V, monitored units (C) isn't standard, and OTC (D) is Schedule V, so A is correct.