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A nursing student is reviewing journal articles about major depression. One of the articles describes the number of persons newly diagnosed with the disorder during the past year. The student interprets this as which of the following?
- A. Rate
- B. Prevalence
- C. Point prevalence
- D. Incidence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disorder (e.g., major depression) diagnosed within a specific time period, such as the past year.
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As part of a class activity, nursing students are engaged in a small group discussion about the epidemiology of mental illness. Which statement best explains the importance of epidemiology in understanding the impact of mental disorders?
- A. Epidemiology helps promote understanding of the patterns of occurrence associated with mental disorders.
- B. Epidemiology helps explain research findings about the neurophysiology that causes mental disorders.
- C. Epidemiology provides a thorough theoretical explanation of why specific mental disorders occur.
- D. Epidemiology predicts when a specific psychiatric client will recover from a specific mental disorder.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epidemiology studies the distribution and determinants of mental disorders in populations, helping to identify patterns of occurrence, risk factors, and prevalence to inform public health strategies.
A nursing instructor is describing the DSM-IV-TR to a group of nursing students. Which of the following would the instructor include as the primary purpose of this classification?
- A. Provide a commonly understood diagnostic category for clinical practice.
- B. Describe treatment modalities for psychiatric disorders and mental illnesses.
- C. Identify various etiologies for mental disorders based on family histories.
- D. Provide optimal outcomes for treatment for individuals with mental illnesses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to provide a standardized, commonly understood diagnostic framework for mental disorders to ensure consistency in clinical practice, research, and communication among healthcare professionals.
A college-aged student and his friend arrive at the student health center. The friend reports that the patient has been having difficulties concentrating, remembering, and thinking. He?s had quite a few research papers due this past week. After ruling out other problems, the nurse determines that the patient is experiencing a culture-bound syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse most likely suspect?
- A. Ataque de nervios
- B. Brain fog
- C. Mal de ojo
- D. Shenjing shuairo
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Brain fog, often associated with stress or academic overload in Western college settings, is a culture-bound syndrome characterized by difficulties in concentration, memory, and thinking, fitting the described symptoms.
A group of students are reviewing the multiaxial diagnostic system of the DSM-IV-TR. The students demonstrate understanding of the axes when they identify that each axis represents which of the following?
- A. An evidence-based research finding
- B. An experimental design to guide care
- C. A domain of information
- D. A laboratory test finding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Each axis in the DSM-IV-TR represents a distinct domain of information (e.g., clinical disorders, personality disorders, medical conditions, psychosocial stressors, and functioning) to provide a comprehensive diagnostic picture.
The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a patient and notes the information below. Which of the following would be found on Axis III?
- A. Cocaine dependence
- B. Bipolar I disorder
- C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
- D. Cellulitis
- E. Homelessness
- F. Arrest for cocaine possession with intent to sell
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Axis III in the DSM-IV-TR includes general medical conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and cellulitis. Cocaine dependence and bipolar I disorder are Axis I, homelessness is Axis IV, and arrests are not typically included in DSM axes.