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A nursing student is studying nutritional problems and learns that kwashiorer is distinguished from measures and which finding?
- A. Deficit of calories
- B. Lack of nutrients
- C. Specific lack of protein
- D. Unknown cause of malnutrition
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a lack of protein when total calories are adequate. Marasmus is a caloric malnutrition.
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A nurse is caring for four clients receiving enteral tube feedings. Which client should the nurse see first?
- A. Client with a blood glucose level of 138 mg/dL.
- B. Client with foul-smelling diarrhea.
- C. Client with a potassium level of 2.6 mEq/L.
- D. Client with a sodium level of 138 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The potassium level of 2.6 mEq/L is critically low, possibly due to hyperglycemia-induced hyperosmolality. The nurse should see this client first. The blood glucose reading is high but not extreme. The sodium level is normal. The client with diarrhea should be seen last to avoid cross-contamination.
A client is discussing weight loss medications with the nurse. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Only over-the-counter medications are available.
- B. There are three drugs currently approved for this.
- C. The patient operation is available in a reduced-dose over-the-counter formulation.
- D. Prescription medications are not effective for weight loss.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: There are three drugs available by prescription for weight loss, including orlistat (Xenical). The other statements are incorrect as over-the-counter options are limited, and prescription medications can be effective.
A client is receiving bolus feedings through a Dobbloff tube. What action by the nurse is most important?
- A. Auscultate lung sounds after each feeding.
- B. Check tube placement before each feeding.
- C. Check tube placement every 8 hours.
- D. Weigh the client daily on the same scale.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For bolus feedings, the nurse checks placement of the tube per institutional policy prior to each feeding, which is more often than every 8 hours during the day. Auscultating lung sounds is also important, but this will not prevent misplacement issues. Weighing the client is important to determine if nutritional goals are being met.
A client wants to lose 1.5 pounds a week. After reviewing a diet history, the nurse determines the client typically eats 2450 calories a day. What should the client's calorie goal be to achieve this weight loss? (Record your answer using a whole number.) calories/day
- A. 1700
- B. 2000
- C. 1850
- D. 2200
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To lose 1 pound a week, subtract 500 calories per day; for 2 pounds, subtract 1000 calories. For 1.5 pounds, subtract 750 calories: 2450 - 750 = 1700 calories/day.
A client just returned to the surgical unit after bariatric surgery. What is the priority action by the nurse?
- A. Assess the client's pain.
- B. Check the surgical incision.
- C. Ensure a patent airway.
- D. Program the morphine pump.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Airway is always the priority, especially in bariatric clients who may have short, thick necks that complicate airway management. The other actions are appropriate but secondary to ensuring a patent airway.