Nokea
A nursing student learns about modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. Which factors does this include? (SATA)
- A. Age
- B. Hypertension
- C. Obesity
- D. Smoking
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor as it can be controlled through lifestyle changes and medication.
2. Age is a non-modifiable risk factor, as it naturally increases the risk of coronary artery disease.
3. Obesity is a modifiable risk factor, as weight management through diet and exercise can reduce the risk.
4. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor, as quitting smoking can significantly reduce the risk.
Summary:
B is correct as it is a modifiable risk factor that can be actively managed. A, C, and D are incorrect as age is non-modifiable and obesity and smoking are modifiable but were not selected as correct options.
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A client tests positive for alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and asks the nurse, What does this mean? How should the nurse respond?
- A. Your children may be at high risk for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- B. I will arrange for a genetic counselor to discuss your condition.
- C. Your risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is higher, particularly if you smoke.
- D. This is a recessive gene that should not affect your health.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because AAT deficiency increases the risk of COPD, especially with smoking. This response provides accurate information regarding the client's health risk. A is incorrect as it specifically mentions children rather than the client's own risk. B is incorrect as it focuses on genetic counseling rather than addressing the client's question. D is incorrect as it inaccurately states that the gene does not affect health.
A client is 4 hours postoperative following abdominal surgery. The client's blood pressure has dropped from 120/80 mm Hg to 90/60 mm Hg. What action should the nurse take first?
- A. Administer an IV fluid bolus.
- B. Check the surgical site for bleeding.
- C. Place the client in a Trendelenburg position.
- D. Notify the healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Check the surgical site for bleeding. This is the first action the nurse should take as a sudden drop in blood pressure postoperatively could indicate internal bleeding, a common complication after abdominal surgery. By assessing the surgical site for bleeding, the nurse can identify and address the source of the hypotension promptly. Administering IV fluids (choice A) may be necessary but should come after determining the cause. Placing the client in Trendelenburg position (choice C) is not recommended as it can worsen venous return and increase intracranial pressure. Notifying the healthcare provider (choice D) should be done after the nurse has assessed the situation and taken immediate action.
A healthcare provider is assessing a client who had a myocardial infarction. Upon auscultating heart sounds, the provider hears the following sound. What action by the provider is most appropriate?
- A. Assess the client's lung sounds.
- B. Call the Rapid Response Team.
- C. Have the client sit upright.
- D. Listen to the client's lung sounds.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the client's lung sounds. This is important because after a myocardial infarction, there is a risk of pulmonary edema, which can present as crackles or wheezes in the lungs. By assessing the lung sounds, the healthcare provider can identify any signs of respiratory distress and promptly intervene if necessary.
Choice B is incorrect because calling the Rapid Response Team is not warranted based solely on abnormal heart sounds. Choice C is incorrect as having the client sit upright is not directly related to addressing abnormal heart sounds. Choice D is also incorrect as it focuses solely on assessing lung sounds without considering the potential implications of the abnormal heart sounds.
Which assessment finding signals the most serious and life-threatening condition?
- A. A deviated trachea
- B. Gross deformity in a lower extremity
- C. Decreased breath sounds
- D. Hemoptysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A deviated trachea indicates possible tension pneumothorax, a life-threatening condition.
A patient with trigeminal neuralgia has moderate to severe burning and shooting pain. In helping the patient to manage the pain, the nurse recognizes what about this type of pain?
- A. Treatment includes the use of adjuvant analgesics
- B. Will be chronic in nature and require long-term treatment
- C. Responds to small to moderate around-the-clock doses of oral opioids
- D. Can be well controlled with salicylates or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Trigeminal neuralgia is chronic and often requires long-term management.