Pediatric HESI Practice Questions

Pediatric HESI Practice Questions Related

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A parent calls the outpatient clinic requesting information about the appropriate dose of acetaminophen for a 16-month-old child who has signs of an upper respiratory tract infection and fever. The directions on the bottle of acetaminophen elixir are 120 mg every 4 hours when needed. At the toddler's 15-month visit, the health care provider prescribed 150 mg. What is the nurse's best response to the parent?

  • A. "The dose is close enough, and it doesn't really matter which one is given."
  • B. "From your description, the medications are not necessary. They should be avoided at this age."
  • C. "It is appropriate to use dosages based on age. Children typically have weights consistent for their age groups."
  • D. "The prescribed dose of the drug was based on weight, and this is a more accurate way of determining a therapeutic dose."
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most accurate way to determine a therapeutic dose for children is based on their weight rather than age. Weight-based dosing helps ensure that the child receives the appropriate amount of medication for their body size, which is crucial for safety and effectiveness. Age-based dosing can lead to underdosing or overdosing, as children of the same age can have significantly different weights. Choice A is incorrect because even small variations in dosages can have significant effects on a child's health. Choice B is incorrect as acetaminophen can be appropriate when used correctly for fever management in children. Choice C is incorrect as children's weights can vary greatly within the same age group, making weight-based dosing more precise and individualized.

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A group of students is reviewing the components of the endocrine system. The students demonstrate understanding of the review when they identify what as the primary function of this system?

  • A. Regulation of water balance
  • B. Hormonal secretion
  • C. Cellular metabolism
  • D. Growth stimulation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the endocrine system is hormonal secretion. This system is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, and mood. Choice A, regulation of water balance, is more related to the functions of the renal system rather than the endocrine system. Choice C, cellular metabolism, is a general cellular process that involves various systems, not specific to the endocrine system. Choice D, growth stimulation, though hormones can influence growth, it is not the primary function of the endocrine system. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

According to Friedman's structural functional theory, what defines the family component of meeting the love and belonging needs of each member?

  • A. Meeting the love and belonging needs of each member
  • B. Teaching children how to function and assume adult roles in society
  • C. Ensuring the family has necessary resources with appropriate allocation
  • D. Involving the provision of physical care to keep the family healthy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Friedman's structural functional theory outlines different functions of a family. The affective function, as defined by Friedman, pertains to meeting the love and belonging needs of each member. This includes emotional support, nurturing, and creating a sense of security within the family unit. Choices B, C, and D do not specifically address the affective function described in Friedman's theory. Choice B focuses on socialization and preparing children for adult roles, choice C relates to the economic function of a family, and choice D pertains to the instrumental function of providing physical care for health.

The parents of a 6-week-old infant who was born without an immune system ask a nurse why their baby is still so healthy. How should the nurse reply?

  • A. Exposure to pathogens during this time can be limited.
  • B. Some antibodies are produced by the infant's colonic bacteria.
  • C. Antibodies are passively received from the mother through the placenta and breast milk.
  • D. Fewer antibodies are produced by the fetal thymus during the eighth and ninth months of gestation.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Infants receive passive immunity through antibodies from the mother during pregnancy and breastfeeding, which protect them initially. Choice A is incorrect because a 6-week-old infant born without an immune system would not be able to limit exposure to pathogens effectively. Choice B is incorrect as antibodies produced by colonic bacteria are not a significant source of immunity in infants. Choice D is incorrect as the fetal thymus primarily plays a role in T cell development rather than antibody production during gestation.

The nurse is caring for an 8-year-old girl with an endocrine disorder involving the posterior pituitary gland. What care would the nurse expect to implement?

  • A. Instructing the parents to report adverse reactions to the growth hormone treatment
  • B. Teaching the parents how to administer desmopressin acetate
  • C. Informing the parents that treatment stops when puberty begins
  • D. Educating the parents to report signs of acute adrenal crisis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a child with a disorder of the posterior pituitary gland, desmopressin acetate is commonly used to manage the condition by replacing the antidiuretic hormone. Instructing the parents to administer desmopressin acetate correctly is essential for the child's treatment. The other options are incorrect because growth hormone treatment, stopping treatment at puberty, and reporting signs of acute adrenal crisis are not directly related to managing a disorder of the posterior pituitary gland.

A child is diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Which laboratory test would the nurse expect the child to undergo to provide additional evidence for this condition?

  • A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
  • B. Potassium hydroxide prep
  • C. Wound culture
  • D. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level. An elevated serum IgE level is commonly associated with atopic dermatitis, reflecting an allergic response. Choice A, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, is not typically used to diagnose atopic dermatitis. Choice B, potassium hydroxide prep, is used to identify fungal infections like ringworm, not for diagnosing atopic dermatitis. Choice C, wound culture, is performed to identify microorganisms in a wound, not to diagnose atopic dermatitis.

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