Nokea
A parent of an 11-month-old infant who has a cleft palate asks the nurse why it was recommended that closure of the palate should be done before the age of 2. How should the nurse respond?
- A. "After age 2, surgery is frightening and should be avoided if possible."
- B. "Eruption of the 2-year molars often complicates the surgical procedure."
- C. "As your child gets older, the palate gets wider and more difficult to repair."
- D. "Surgery should be performed before your child starts to use faulty speech patterns."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Closure of the cleft palate is recommended before the age of 2 to prevent the development of faulty speech patterns. Performing surgery at a younger age helps avoid speech difficulties that may arise if the repair is delayed. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on fear, not the developmental aspect. Choice B is incorrect as the eruption of molars is not the primary reason for early surgery. Choice C is incorrect because the difficulty of repair is not solely related to the width of the palate but also to speech development.
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The parents of a child with asthma ask the nurse how they can help their child prevent asthma attacks. What should the nurse advise?
- A. Avoid exposure to allergens
- B. Encourage regular exercise
- C. Provide a high-protein diet
- D. Increase fluid intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the parents to avoid exposure to allergens. Asthma attacks are often triggered by allergens such as dust mites, pollen, pet dander, and mold. By minimizing the child's exposure to these triggers, the likelihood of asthma attacks can be reduced. Encouraging regular exercise is beneficial for overall health but may not directly prevent asthma attacks. Providing a high-protein diet and increasing fluid intake are important for general well-being but do not specifically address asthma prevention.
A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering insulin as prescribed
- B. Monitoring blood glucose levels
- C. Teaching the child how to self-administer insulin
- D. Encouraging regular exercise
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a 7-year-old child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is to monitor blood glucose levels. This is crucial for managing and adjusting insulin therapy effectively. Administering insulin as prescribed is important, but monitoring blood glucose levels takes precedence as it guides insulin administration. Teaching the child how to self-administer insulin and encouraging regular exercise are also important aspects of diabetes management, but they are not the priority in this situation.
When assessing a child with suspected nephrotic syndrome, what clinical manifestation is the nurse likely to observe?
- A. Jaundice
- B. Edema
- C. Hypertension
- D. Polyuria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Edema is a hallmark clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. In nephrotic syndrome, there is increased glomerular permeability leading to the loss of proteins, particularly albumin, in the urine. This results in decreased oncotic pressure, leading to fluid shifting into the interstitial spaces and causing edema. Jaundice (Choice A) is not a typical clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. Hypertension (Choice C) is more commonly associated with conditions like glomerulonephritis. Polyuria (Choice D) is not a primary symptom of nephrotic syndrome; instead, patients may have reduced urine output due to fluid retention from edema.
You are caring for a 6-year-old child with a possible fractured left arm and have reason to believe that the child was abused. How should you manage this situation?
- A. inform the parents of your suspicions
- B. call the police so the parents can be arrested
- C. advise the parents that the child needs to be transported
- D. transport the child to the hospital regardless of the parents' wishes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In cases where child abuse is suspected, the priority is the safety and well-being of the child. Advising the parents that the child needs to be transported allows for the child to receive necessary medical care without immediate confrontation or escalating the situation. Calling the police to have the parents arrested without concrete evidence may not be appropriate and could further endanger the child. Informing the parents of suspicions may lead to interference or denial of necessary care. Transporting the child to the hospital is crucial, but involving and engaging with the parents in a non-confrontational manner is the initial step to ensure the child's safety and well-being.
A healthcare provider is assessing a 3-month-old infant with suspected pyloric stenosis. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare provider likely to observe?
- A. Projectile vomiting
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Constipation
- D. Abdominal distension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Projectile vomiting is a classic clinical manifestation of pyloric stenosis in infants. This occurs due to the narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, leading to the forceful expulsion of gastric contents in a projectile manner. Diarrhea (choice B) is not typically associated with pyloric stenosis. Constipation (choice C) is also not a common symptom of this condition. Abdominal distension (choice D) may occur in pyloric stenosis but is not as specific or characteristic as projectile vomiting in diagnosing this condition.