Adult Health Nursing Answer Key

Adult Health Nursing Answer Key Related

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A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure (CHF) with pulmonary edema and respiratory distress. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's exacerbation?

  • A. Administer intravenous loop diuretics for fluid removal.
  • B. Initiate positive pressure ventilation for respiratory support.
  • C. Perform emergent pericardiocentesis for tamponade relief.
  • D. Recommend inotropic medications to improve myocardial contractility.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the patient is presenting with acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure (CHF) complicated by pulmonary edema and respiratory distress. The priority intervention for managing this exacerbation is to initiate positive pressure ventilation for respiratory support. Positive pressure ventilation, such as non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) or invasive mechanical ventilation, can help improve oxygenation and decrease the work of breathing for the patient. By providing adequate respiratory support, ventilation can reduce the negative effects of pulmonary edema and respiratory distress due to CHF exacerbation. Administering intravenous loop diuretics (Choice A) might be necessary to address fluid overload, but it is not the initial priority as ensuring adequate ventilation is crucial. Emergent pericardiocentesis (Choice C) is not indicated in this scenario as there is no mention of cardiac tamponade. Inotropic medications (Choice D) may be considered in managing acute exacerbation of CHF but

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A patient with a history of myocardial infarction is prescribed atorvastatin for lipid-lowering therapy. Which parameter should the nurse monitor closely during atorvastatin therapy?

  • A. Serum potassium levels
  • B. Liver function tests
  • C. Blood glucose levels
  • D. Serum sodium levels
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Atorvastatin is a medication commonly used for lipid-lowering therapy to reduce cholesterol levels and decrease the risk of cardiovascular events. However, one of the potential side effects of statin medications such as atorvastatin is liver injury. Therefore, monitoring liver function tests, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, is crucial during atorvastatin therapy.

Aside from atttending seminars which of the following informal continuing education programss should the nurse engaged herself EXCEPT:

  • A. Attendding professional conventions
  • B. Webinars
  • C. Symposium
  • D. Doing reseach as academic requirement
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: While attending professional conventions, webinars, and symposiums are all valuable informal continuing education programs that can help nurses stay updated with the latest trends and developments in the field, doing research as an academic requirement is not typically considered an informal continuing education activity. Research is a formal process that involves structured methodologies and academic rigor. While research may be a valuable activity for professional growth, it is not usually classified under informal continuing education programs that nurses engage in to supplement their knowledge and skills.

A patient expresses concerns about the potential side effects of a prescribed medication. What is the nurse's best approach to address these concerns?

  • A. Dismiss the patient's concerns and reassure them that side effects are unlikely.
  • B. Provide the patient with accurate information about potential side effects and management strategies.
  • C. Ignore the patient's concerns and focus solely on administering the medication.
  • D. Tell the patient that side effects are common and unavoidable.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's best approach to address a patient's concerns about the potential side effects of a prescribed medication is to provide the patient with accurate information about potential side effects and management strategies. It is important for the nurse to acknowledge the patient's concerns, listen attentively, and offer clear explanations to help alleviate any fears or uncertainties. Providing accurate information can empower the patient to make informed decisions about their healthcare and feel more confident in taking the prescribed medication. Dismissing or ignoring the patient's concerns can lead to mistrust and non-adherence to the treatment plan. It is essential for the nurse to prioritize open communication and patient education to ensure the patient's well-being and compliance with the prescribed medication regimen.

During the first contact of the patient with the nurse, the latter should demonstrate the following behavior, which the EXCEPTION of _______.

  • A. Caring
  • B. Encouraging
  • C. Comforting
  • D. Compelling
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During the first contact with a patient, a nurse should demonstrate caring, encouraging, and comforting behaviors. These qualities help create a positive and supportive environment for the patient. However, compelling behavior, which implies forcing or pressuring someone to do something, is not appropriate during the initial interaction with a patient. It is essential for the nurse to build trust and rapport with the patient, and compelling behavior can be counterproductive to establishing a nurturing relationship. Thus, compelling is the exception among the given choices for the nurse's behavior during the first contact with a patient.

Which of the following definition MOST accurately describes meningomyelocele? It is _______.

  • A. Spinal cord tumor containing nerve roots.
  • B. Complete exposure of the spinal cord and meninges.
  • C. Herniation of spinal cord, cerebro-spinal fluid and meninges into a sac.
  • D. Sac formation containing meninges and spinal fluid.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Meningomyelocele is a type of neural tube defect where there is a protrusion of the spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges through a defect in the vertebrae, forming a sac on the surface of the back. This condition occurs during fetal development when the neural tube fails to close completely, leading to the exposure of the spinal cord and its coverings. This herniation can result in a range of neurological deficits and complications, requiring surgical repair shortly after birth to prevent further damage and infections.

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