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A patient asks how to avoid lung cancer. The following are risk factors, except:
- A. Exposure to passive smoke
- B. Crowded living conditions
- C. Air pollution
- D. Diet low in fruits and vegetables
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Crowded living conditions do not directly increase the risk of lung cancer.
Step 2: Passive smoke (choice A) and air pollution (choice C) contain carcinogens linked to lung cancer.
Step 3: Diet low in fruits and vegetables (choice D) may lead to poor immune function, potentially impacting cancer risk.
Step 4: In summary, crowded living conditions do not contribute to lung cancer risk compared to the other choices.
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Clients who will go through operations and who have undergone surgery need the proper observation, treatment and care. Implementing the nursing process to these patients will help reduce complications. Nurse Maria checks on Mr. Alberto who had abdominal surgery, and finds that the edges of the incision have separated. Also, a small portion of the bowel is sticking out through the incision. Nurse Maria would:
- A. cover wound with moist sterile dressing
- B. find out how this happened
- C. place sterile dry gauze on the wound
- D. pour sterile water into the wound
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Cover wound with moist sterile dressing
Rationale:
1. Covering the wound with a moist sterile dressing helps maintain a clean and moist environment, promoting wound healing.
2. Moist dressing prevents the wound from drying out and minimizes the risk of infection.
3. The moist environment supports healing by promoting cell growth and preventing tissue damage.
4. It protects the exposed bowel from further injury and contamination.
Summary:
B: Finding out how this happened is important but not an immediate priority for patient care.
C: Placing sterile dry gauze can lead to the wound drying out and hinder healing.
D: Pouring sterile water into the wound is not recommended as it can introduce contaminants and is not considered standard care for this situation.
Through which of the ff body fluids has transmission of HIV been established? Choose all that apply
- A. Saliva
- B. Sweat
- C. Tears f. Breastmilk
- D. Blood g. Urine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tears and F: Breastmilk. HIV transmission has been established through breastmilk due to the presence of the virus in the milk. Tears can also transmit HIV if they contain blood from an HIV-positive individual. Saliva, sweat, and urine do not typically contain enough HIV to transmit the virus. Blood is a well-known mode of HIV transmission due to the high viral load present in blood. Therefore, choices A, B, D, and G are incorrect as they do not have sufficient levels of the virus to transmit HIV.
What is the nurse’s primary legal responsibility when implementing nursing interventions?
- A. Ensure client safety
- B. Follow physician orders precisely
- C. Document care comprehensively
- D. Provide client-centered education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ensure client safety. This is the nurse's primary legal responsibility as it aligns with the ethical principle of beneficence, prioritizing the well-being and safety of the client. Ensuring client safety is essential to prevent harm and promote positive health outcomes. Following physician orders precisely (B) is important but not the primary legal responsibility of the nurse. Documenting care comprehensively (C) is crucial for accountability and continuity of care but is not the primary legal responsibility. Providing client-centered education (D) is essential for empowering clients but is not the primary legal responsibility in terms of legal accountability and duty of care.
Mr. Dela Isla said he cannot comprehend what the nurse was saying. He suffers from:
- A. Insomnia
- B. Agnosia
- C. Aphraxia
- D. Aphasia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aphasia. Mr. Dela Isla's inability to comprehend what the nurse was saying indicates a language impairment, which is characteristic of aphasia. Aphasia is a condition that affects a person's ability to understand or produce language due to damage to the brain's language centers. Insomnia (A) is a sleep disorder, Agnosia (B) is a perception disorder, and Apraxia (C) is a motor planning disorder, none of which align with Mr. Dela Isla's symptoms.
Tic douloureux is a (n) ___ cranial nerve disorder characterized by paroxysms of pain and burning sensations.
- A. 1st
- B. 7th
- C. 5th
- D. 8th
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 5th cranial nerve. Tic douloureux, also known as trigeminal neuralgia, is characterized by severe facial pain. The trigeminal nerve, the 5th cranial nerve, is responsible for sensory input from the face. This nerve is commonly affected in cases of tic douloureux, leading to sharp, shooting pain in the face. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the 1st cranial nerve (olfactory nerve), 7th cranial nerve (facial nerve), and 8th cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve) are not typically associated with the symptoms of tic douloureux.