Nokea
A patient asks the nurse about taking phentermine and topiramate (Qsymia) for weight loss. To avoid side effects
- A. it is important for the nurse to determine whether the patient has a history of
- B. glaucoma.
- C. hypertension.
- D. valvular heart disease.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is essential to determine if the patient has a history of certain conditions before prescribing Qsymia. This medication can worsen glaucoma (not just a history of it) making option B incorrect. Option C is incorrect because Qsymia can actually help manage hypertension. Option D is incorrect because while valvular heart disease can be a concern, it is not the primary factor to consider before prescribing this medication.
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The functions of the colon include the following except:
- A. Absorption of water
- B. Absorption of sodium
- C. Absorption of chloride
- D. Absorption of calcium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Absorption of calcium. The colon primarily absorbs water, sodium, and chloride, but not calcium. Calcium absorption mainly occurs in the small intestine. The colon's main function is to absorb water and electrolytes, and to store and eliminate waste. Therefore, absorption of calcium does not occur in the colon, making choice D the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as the colon is involved in the absorption of water, sodium, and chloride, respectively.
A 68-yr-old male patient with a stroke is unconscious and unresponsive to stimuli. After learning
- A. , what should the nurse plan to assess more frequently than is routine?
- B. Apical pulse
- C. Bowel sounds
- D. Breath sounds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Breath sounds. In an unconscious stroke patient, airway patency and adequate oxygenation are critical. Assessing breath sounds more frequently than routine helps monitor for respiratory distress, such as aspiration or pneumonia. Apical pulse (B) may be important but not as immediately life-threatening as respiratory status. Bowel sounds (C) may indicate bowel function but are not as urgent as assessing breathing. By prioritizing breath sounds, the nurse can ensure timely intervention in case of respiratory compromise.
A hiatal hernia is a weakness in the _____ muscle, which allows a portion of the digestive tract to enter the thoracic cavity.
- A. diaphragm
- B. stomach
- C. intestinal
- D. thoracic wall
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: diaphragm. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach pushes through the opening in the diaphragm known as the esophageal hiatus, allowing a portion of the stomach to enter the thoracic cavity. The other choices, B: stomach, C: intestinal, and D: thoracic wall, are incorrect because a hiatal hernia specifically involves a weakness in the diaphragm muscle, not in these other structures. The stomach is the organ affected by the hernia, but the primary issue lies in the diaphragm's weakness. The intestinal and thoracic wall choices are not directly related to the development of a hiatal hernia.
What does the term 'peristalsis' refer to?
- A. the mixing of digestive juices
- B. the voluntary contraction of muscles
- C. the rhythmic contractions that move food along the digestive tract
- D. the absorption of nutrients
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peristalsis refers to the rhythmic contractions that move food along the digestive tract. This process helps propel food from the esophagus to the stomach and through the intestines for digestion and absorption. It is an involuntary movement controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to digestion, not movement. Choice B is incorrect as peristalsis is involuntary, not voluntary. Choice D is incorrect as peristalsis does not involve absorption but rather transportation of food.
Which of these processes occurs in the mouth?
- A. ingestion
- B. mechanical digestion
- C. chemical digestion
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the mouth, ingestion occurs when food is taken in. Mechanical digestion occurs through chewing and mixing food with saliva. Chemical digestion begins with enzymes in saliva breaking down carbohydrates. Therefore, all processes (ingestion, mechanical digestion, and chemical digestion) occur in the mouth. Other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the processes that happen in the mouth.