Nokea
A patient asks the nurse to make a decision for her about whether or not to continue taking hormone replacement therapy (estrogen). Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. "You should check with a doctor; I cannot give you advice about drugs."
- B. "My friend has taken estrogen for more than 5 years without any problems."
- C. "I can answer any questions you have but it is up to you to make this decision."
- D. "Herbal supplements were much better for me than prescription-strength estrogen."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it emphasizes patient autonomy and informed decision-making, aligning with ethical principles. The nurse should not make decisions for the patient but should provide information and support. Choice A deflects responsibility and does not empower the patient. Choice B is anecdotal and not a reliable source of information. Choice D is not relevant to the patient's question and could potentially lead to misinformation. Ultimately, choice C encourages the patient to take an active role in their healthcare decisions, which promotes patient-centered care.
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A client has high blood pressure and needs to learn about a low-sodium diet. Which question if asked by the client would be an indirect request for information?
- A. "How should I prepare food without adding salt?=
- B. "What will I do to make food taste better?=
- C. "What diet changes are needed to control my blood pressure?=
- D. "What foods should I avoid that are high in sodium?=
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the client is indirectly asking for information on how to make food taste better without explicitly mentioning the need for low-sodium options. By inquiring about making food taste better, the client is seeking alternative ways to enhance flavor without salt, which aligns with the goal of following a low-sodium diet. Choices A, C, and D are more direct in addressing specific aspects of a low-sodium diet, such as food preparation without salt, dietary changes for blood pressure control, and identifying high-sodium foods to avoid, respectively.
A nurse preceptor is assigned to help several graduate nurses assess their ability to convey warmth to patients. Which activity, if selected by the nurse preceptor, is best?
- A. Set up sessions for the graduate nurses to practice various nonverbal gestures.
- B. Ask the graduate nurses to record the behaviors of experienced nurses on the unit.
- C. Provide the graduate nurses with a list of nonverbal behaviors that convey warmth.
- D. Have the graduate nurses evaluate each other during simulated patient interviews.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because setting up sessions for the graduate nurses to practice various nonverbal gestures allows for active skill development. By practicing these gestures, they can receive immediate feedback from the preceptor and improve their ability to convey warmth effectively.
Choice B is incorrect because simply observing behaviors of experienced nurses may not actively engage the graduate nurses in practicing and developing their own skills.
Choice C is incorrect because providing a list of nonverbal behaviors may not be as effective as hands-on practice in improving the graduate nurses' ability to convey warmth.
Choice D is incorrect because having the graduate nurses evaluate each other during simulated interviews may not provide structured guidance and feedback from the preceptor to help them improve their nonverbal communication skills effectively.
One study of Italian primary care physicians caring for diabetic patients showed that those scoring highest on the empathy test had patients with:
- A. Significantly fewer acute diabetic complications
- B. Statistically fewer acute diabetic complications
- C. Higher rates of chronic diabetic complications
- D. Statistically higher poor outcomes for patients with diabetes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Statistically fewer acute diabetic complications. This is because the study found a correlation between high empathy scores of physicians and lower occurrences of acute diabetic complications in their patients. The use of the term "statistically" implies a significant and reliable relationship between physician empathy and patient outcomes.
Choice A is incorrect because the study did not specify "significantly" fewer complications, only a correlation with high empathy scores. Choice C is incorrect as there was no evidence of higher rates of chronic complications associated with physician empathy. Choice D is incorrect as the study did not find statistically higher poor outcomes for patients with diabetes, but rather a relationship with fewer acute complications.
Which characteristic would the nurse use to define culture? (Select all that apply)
- A. Learned and shared lifeways of a particular group.
- B. Social identity influenced by language and religion.
- C. Belief in superiority of one's own ethnic group.
- D. Values influence both thinking and actions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because culture is defined as the learned and shared lifeways of a particular group. This includes traditions, customs, beliefs, and practices that are passed down from generation to generation within a community. This definition aligns with the concept of culture being a set of learned behaviors and beliefs that are commonly practiced and shared among individuals in a society.
Choice B is incorrect because while social identity can be influenced by language and religion, it does not fully encompass the complexity of culture. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to ethnocentrism, which is the belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group and is not a defining characteristic of culture. Choice D is incorrect because while values do influence thinking and actions within a culture, it does not capture the entirety of what culture entails, such as traditions, customs, and shared beliefs.
Which demonstrates the nurse's genuine concern for clients?
- A. Tell a patient who has a terminal illness that everything will be fine.
- B. Delay notifying the patient about the death of a dependent child.
- C. Provide a placebo to a patient in severe pain to assess for substance abuse.
- D. Inform the patient about a medication error along with symptoms to report.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because informing the patient about a medication error and symptoms to report shows transparency, honesty, and prioritizes patient safety. This action also promotes trust in the nurse-patient relationship.
A: Choice A is incorrect because falsely reassuring a terminally ill patient does not demonstrate genuine concern and lacks honesty.
B: Choice B is incorrect because delaying important information about the death of a dependent child is unethical and can cause unnecessary distress to the patient.
C: Choice C is incorrect because providing a placebo without informed consent violates ethical principles and does not prioritize the patient's well-being.