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A patient at high risk for breast cancer is scheduled for an incisional biopsy in the outpatient surgery department. When the nurse is providing preoperative education, the patient asks why an incisional biopsy is being done instead of just removing the mass. What would be the nurses best response?
- A. An incisional biopsy is performed because its known to be less painful and more accurate than other forms of testing.
- B. An incisional biopsy is performed to confirm a diagnosis and so that special studies can be done that will help determine the best treatment.
- C. An incisional biopsy is performed to assess the potential for recovery from a mastectomy.
- D. An incisional biopsy is performed on patients who are younger than the age of 40 and who are otherwise healthy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because an incisional biopsy is typically performed to confirm a diagnosis by obtaining a sample of the tissue in question. This allows for further analysis through special studies to determine the best course of treatment. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: The reason for performing an incisional biopsy is not primarily based on pain or accuracy comparisons with other testing methods.
C: An incisional biopsy is not done to assess potential recovery from a mastectomy but rather to diagnose the nature of the mass.
D: Age and general health status are not sole criteria for determining the need for an incisional biopsy.
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A nurse is providing care to a culturally diversepopulation. Which action indicates the nurse is successful in the role of providing culturally congruent care?
- A. Provides care that fits the patient’s valued life patterns and set of meanings
- B. Provides care that is based on meanings generated by predetermined criteria
- C. Provides care that makes the nurse the leader in determining what is needed
- D. Provides care that is the same as the values of the professional health care system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because providing care that fits the patient's valued life patterns and set of meanings demonstrates cultural congruence. This approach acknowledges and respects the patient's cultural background, beliefs, and preferences. It promotes patient-centered care and enhances communication and trust between the nurse and the patient.
Choice B is incorrect because care based on predetermined criteria may not align with the patient's individual cultural needs. Choice C is incorrect as it does not prioritize the patient's values and preferences. Choice D is incorrect because providing care based solely on the values of the professional health care system may not consider the cultural diversity of the patient population.
The nurse in a pediatric ICU is caring for a child who is dying of sickle cell anemia. The childs mother has been unable to eat or sleep and can talk only about her impending loss and the guilt she feels about the childs pain and suffering. What intervention has the highest priority?
- A. Allowing the patient to express her feelings without judging her
- B. Helping the patient to understand the phases of the grieving process
- C. Reassuring the patient that the childs death is not her fault
- D. Arranging for genetic counseling to inform the patient of her chances of having another child with the disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Allowing the patient to express her feelings without judging her. This intervention has the highest priority as it focuses on providing emotional support and creating a safe space for the mother to express her emotions without feeling judged. In this situation, the mother is experiencing intense guilt and grief, and allowing her to talk about her feelings can help her process her emotions and cope with the impending loss. By listening actively and without judgment, the nurse can demonstrate empathy and compassion, which are crucial in supporting the mother through this difficult time.
Summary:
B: Helping the patient to understand the phases of the grieving process may be helpful, but it is not the highest priority at this moment.
C: Reassuring the patient that the child's death is not her fault is important, but the priority is to address the mother's emotional needs first.
D: Arranging for genetic counseling is not the highest priority at this time as the immediate focus should be on providing emotional support to the mother
A nurse is providing care to a group of patients.Which patient will the nurse seefirst?
- A. A patient who is dribbling small amounts on the way to the bathroom and has a diagnosis of urge incontinence
- B. A patient with reflex incontinence with elevated blood pressure and pulse rate
- C. A patient with an indwelling catheter that has stool on the catheter tubing
- D. A patient who has just voided and needs a postvoid residual test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because reflex incontinence with elevated blood pressure and pulse rate indicates a potentially urgent medical situation that requires immediate attention to address the underlying cause. This patient may be at risk for a serious medical event such as autonomic dysreflexia, which requires prompt intervention.
Choice A is incorrect because urge incontinence does not pose an immediate threat to the patient's health compared to the urgent medical situation presented in choice B.
Choice C is incorrect because while stool on the catheter tubing may indicate the need for intervention, it is not as time-sensitive as the situation presented in choice B.
Choice D is incorrect because the patient who has just voided and needs a postvoid residual test does not have any urgent medical issues that require immediate attention compared to the patient with reflex incontinence and elevated vital signs.
A nurse is using core measures to reduce healthdisparities. Which group should the nurse focus on to cause themost improvement in core measures?
- A. Caucasians
- B. Poor people
- C. Alaska Natives
- D. American Indians
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Poor people. Focusing on poor people is likely to cause the most improvement in core measures because individuals living in poverty often face multiple barriers to accessing healthcare and have higher rates of chronic conditions. By targeting this group, the nurse can address social determinants of health, improve healthcare access, and address disparities in healthcare outcomes. Other choices (A, C, D) are not as impactful as poverty is a significant factor influencing health disparities.
A nurse is teaching about the energy needed at rest to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time. What is the nurse discussing?
- A. Resting energy expenditure (REE)
- B. Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
- C. Nutrient density
- D. Nutrients
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Basal metabolic rate (BMR). BMR refers to the minimum amount of energy required to maintain basic physiological functions at rest. It accounts for about 60-75% of total energy expenditure. It is essential for sustaining life-sustaining activities such as breathing, circulating blood, and maintaining body temperature.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Resting energy expenditure (REE) is the total amount of energy expended by the body while at rest, including BMR and additional energy for daily activities.
C: Nutrient density refers to the amount of nutrients per calorie in a food item, not the energy needed at rest.
D: Nutrients are essential substances in food required for growth, maintenance, and repair, but they do not specifically refer to the energy needed at rest.