Nokea
A patient begins therapy with a first-generation antipsychotic medication. What teaching should a nurse provide related to the drug's strong dopaminergic effect?
- A. Chew sugarless gum.
- B. Increase dietary fiber.
- C. Arise slowly from bed.
- D. Report muscle stiffness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: First generation antipsychotic medications block dopamine receptors in both the limbic system and basal ganglia. Dystonia is likely to occur early in the course of treatment and is often heralded by sensations of muscle stiffness. Early intervention with an antiparkinsonian medication can increase the patient's comfort and prevent dystonic reactions. The incorrect responses apply to potential anticholinergic effects of first-generation antipsychotic medications.
You may also like to solve these questions
The parent of an adolescent diagnosed with schizophrenia asks a nurse, 'My child's doctor ordered a positron-emission tomography (PET) scan. What is that?' What is the nurse's best response?
- A. PET uses a magnetic field and gamma waves to identify problems areas in the brain. Does your teenager have any metal implants?
- B. It's a special type of x-ray image that shows structures of the brain and whether a brain injury has ever occurred.
- C. PET is a scan that passes an electrical current through the brain and shows brain wave activity. PET can help diagnose seizures.
- D. PET is a special scan that shows blood flow and activity in the brain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The parent is seeking information about PET scans. It is important to use terms the parent can understand. The correct option is the only reply that provides factual information relevant to PET scans. The incorrect responses describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomographic (CT) scans, and electroencephalography (EEG).
A patient reports symptoms of acute anxiety related to the death of a parent in an automobile accident 2 hours earlier. The nurse should anticipate administering a medication from which group for a short-term therapy?
- A. Tricyclic antidepressants
- B. Atypical antipsychotics
- C. Anticonvulsants
- D. Benzodiazepines
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Benzodiazepines provide anxiety relief but are losing favor among providers due tolerance, high levels of abuse and recent connects to dementia. Tricyclic antidepressants are used to treat symptoms of depression. Anticonvulsants are used to treat bipolar disorder or seizures. Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat psychosis.
A patient is demonstrating signs of dementia. The health care provider wants to make a differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease and multiple infarctions. Which diagnostic procedure should a nurse expect to prepare the patient for first?
- A. Computed tomography (CT) scan
- B. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
- C. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
- D. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A CT scan shows the presence or absence of structural changes, including cortical atrophy, ventricular enlargement, and areas of infarction-information that will be helpful to the health care provider. The other tests focus on brain activity and are more expensive; they may be ordered later.
A nurse should assess a patient taking a medication with anticholinergic properties for inhibition of what function?
- A. Parasympathetic nervous system
- B. Sympathetic nervous system
- C. Reticular activating system
- D. Medulla oblongata
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter found in high concentration in the parasympathetic nervous system. When acetylcholine action is inhibited by anticholinergic drugs, parasympathetic symptoms such as blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention appear. The functions of the sympathetic nervous system, the reticular activating system, and the medulla oblongata are not affected by anticholinergic medications.
A nurse caring for a patient prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) will develop outcome criteria related to what outcome?
- A. Mood improvement
- B. Logical thought processes
- C. Reduced levels of motor activity
- D. Decreased extrapyramidal symptoms
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SSRIs affect mood, relieving depression in many patients. SSRIs do not act to reduce thought disorders. SSRIs reduce depression but have little effect on motor hyperactivity. SSRIs do not produce extrapyramidal symptoms.