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A patient complains that he feels ill and the doctor told him it was a virus but that the doctor would not give him any antibiotics. He is upset with the doctor. What is the reason for the health-care provider's action?
- A. Most viruses are immune to antibiotics.
- B. Antibiotics only kill bacteria; they do not kill viruses.
- C. Only the newest, most expensive antibiotics will kill viruses.
- D. Antibiotics are not necessary unless the viral infection is severe.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antibiotics target bacterial cell structures, which viruses lack, making them ineffective against viral infections.
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A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old male who was admitted with the Ebola virus. The nurse understands the Ebola virus spreads by:
- A. blood.
- B. body fluids.
- C. large droplet secretions.
- D. small droplet secretions.
- E. IV fluid.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Ebola spreads through direct contact with blood, body fluids, and large respiratory droplets, requiring strict contact and droplet precautions.
When you learn that your patient's infecting bacterium is identified as a gram-positive streptococcus, you know this means that:
- A. it appears in rod-shaped pairs and cannot be treated by antibiotics.
- B. it appears in sphere-shaped clusters and stains red in the laboratory.
- C. it appears as a long, coiling cell and stains blue in the laboratory.
- D. it appears in sphere-shaped chains and stains purple in the laboratory.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gram-positive streptococcus bacteria are spherical, arranged in chains, and stain purple due to their thick cell wall retaining the crystal violet stain.
The most effective way to break the chain of infection is to:
- A. isolate all infected patients from remaining patients and assign only one staff member to each room.
- B. wear gowns, gloves, masks, and protective eyewear when entering every patient's room.
- C. perform effective hand hygiene according to CDC guidelines.
- D. use an N95 respirator when entering the room of any infected patient.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hand hygiene removes pathogens from hands, breaking the mode of transmission in the chain of infection, and is the most effective preventive measure.
Which is true of performing hand hygiene?
- A. Use before and after a snack in the break room.
- B. Do not perform hand hygiene if you will be donning gloves.
- C. Use hand gel if your hands are visibly dirty.
- D. Use hand hygiene between providing care for two patients in the same room.
- E. There is no need to use hand hygiene if you leave a patient's room to obtain clean supplies and return immediately.
- F. Use soap and water instead of hand gel if the hands could be contaminated with spore-forming microbes.
Correct Answer: D,F
Rationale: Hand hygiene is required between patients in the same room to prevent cross-contamination, and soap and water are necessary for spore-forming microbes like C. difficile, as hand gel is ineffective.
A patient is placed on droplet precautions. You know his wife needs more teaching about what PPE to use when she says:
- A. I don't need to wear a mask if I stay a foot away from him.'
- B. I will wash my hands and put on a face mask before I go into his room.'
- C. I will remove the mask just inside the door of his room.'
- D. This disease is spread through small droplets that spray out when he talks, coughs, or sneezes.'
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Droplet precautions require a mask within 3-6 feet of the patient, and the mask should be removed outside the room to prevent contamination.