Adult Health Nursing Answer Key

Adult Health Nursing Answer Key Related

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A patient expresses frustration with the treatment plan proposed by the healthcare team. What is the most appropriate response from the nurse?

  • A. Dismiss the patient's concerns and assure them that the treatment plan is the best option.
  • B. Empathize with the patient's frustration and explore their concerns further.
  • C. Ignore the patient's frustration and proceed with implementing the treatment plan.
  • D. Tell the patient that they have no choice but to follow the treatment plan.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate response from the nurse when a patient expresses frustration with the treatment plan proposed by the healthcare team is to empathize with the patient's frustration and explore their concerns further. It is important to actively listen to the patient, acknowledge their feelings, and address any questions or uncertainties they may have about the treatment plan. By engaging in open communication and demonstrating empathy, the nurse can foster a therapeutic relationship with the patient and work towards finding a solution that is mutually agreeable and beneficial for the patient's well-being. Dismissing the patient's concerns (Option A) or ignoring their frustration (Option C) can lead to a breakdown in communication and trust, which may ultimately impact the patient's compliance with the treatment plan. Similarly, telling the patient that they have no choice but to follow the treatment plan (Option D) can be perceived as dismissive and confrontational, which is not conducive to promoting patient-centered care.

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Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in antigen presentation?

  • A. MHC class I molecules present exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells.
  • B. MHC class I molecules present endogenous antigens to CD8+ T cells.
  • C. MHC class II molecules present endogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells.
  • D. MHC class II molecules present exogenous antigens to CD8+ T cells.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are responsible for presenting endogenous antigens, such as viral or intracellular proteins, to CD8+ T cells. These antigens are derived from within the cell, either synthesized within the cell itself or taken up from the cytoplasm. CD8+ T cells, also known as cytotoxic T cells, recognize antigens presented by MHC class I molecules and play a key role in cell-mediated immunity by destroying infected or abnormal cells.

When can AIDS be manifested? The nurse answer was, "It can be as early as _______."

  • A. 1 year or as late as 2 years
  • B. 2 years or as late as 10 years
  • C. 1 year
  • D. 6 months
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: After being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it can take an average of 8-10 years before the development of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated. However, AIDS can manifest sooner in some cases, typically within 2 years, especially if the person's immune system is already significantly compromised or if they have other underlying health conditions. Thus, the manifestation of AIDS can vary, but it generally occurs within a range of 2 to 10 years after initial HIV infection.

What is the appropriate initial management for a conscious patient experiencing a syncopal episode (fainting)?

  • A. Elevating the legs above the level of the heart.
  • B. Administering intravenous fluids rapidly.
  • C. Providing reassurance and assisting the patient to a lying position.
  • D. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The appropriate initial management for a conscious patient experiencing a syncopal episode (fainting) is to provide reassurance and assist the patient to a lying position. This is important to ensure adequate blood flow to the brain and to prevent further injury in case the patient faints again. Elevating the legs above the level of the heart is not recommended as a routine intervention for syncope. Administering intravenous fluids rapidly is not usually needed in the initial management of syncope without signs of dehydration or significant bleeding. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula is not necessary for most cases of syncope unless there are specific indications such as signs of respiratory distress.

Deductive Reasoning process is applied in:

  • A. Qualitative research
  • B. Action research
  • C. Quantitative research
  • D. Applied research
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which conclusions are drawn from a set of premises or given information. In quantitative research, this type of reasoning is commonly used to test hypotheses and make predictions based on theories and existing knowledge. Researchers start with established theories or hypotheses and then collect data to either support or refute them. This structured approach aligns with the principles of deductive reasoning and is a key characteristic of quantitative research methodology.

A patient presents with recurrent episodes of venous thrombosis, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), despite no apparent provoking factors. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?

  • A. Antithrombin III deficiency
  • B. Protein C deficiency
  • C. Protein S deficiency
  • D. Factor V Leiden mutation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Factor V Leiden mutation is the most common inherited predisposition to venous thrombosis. In this condition, there is a specific mutation in the factor V gene (also known as factor V Leiden) that makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C. This resistance leads to excessive clot formation, increasing the risk of recurrent venous thrombosis like DVT and PE. Patients with Factor V Leiden mutation may have a history of recurrent unprovoked venous thrombosis at a young age. In comparison, antithrombin III deficiency, protein C deficiency, and protein S deficiency are other inherited thrombophilias that may increase the risk of venous thrombosis, but Factor V Leiden mutation is the most likely cause in this case based on the presentation of recurrent episodes without apparent provoking factors.

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