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A patient for whom the nurse is caring has positron emission tomography (PET) scheduled. In preparation, what should the nurse explain to the patient?
- A. The test will temporarily limit blood flow through the brain.
- B. An allergy to iodine precludes getting the radio-opaque dye.
- C. The patient will need to endure loud noises during the test.
- D. The test may result in dizziness or lightheadedness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PET scans may cause dizziness or lightheadedness due to tracer inhalation. Blood flow is not limited, iodine allergy applies to CT/MRI, and noise is an MRI concern.
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What term is used to describe the fibrous connective tissue that hugs the brain closely and extends into every fold of the brains surface?
- A. Dura mater
- B. Arachnoid
- C. Fascia
- D. Pia mater
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pia mater is the innermost meningeal layer, closely adhering to the brain's surface and following its contours. Dura mater is the outermost layer, arachnoid is the middle layer, and fascia is not a meningeal structure.
The neurologist is testing the function of a patients cerebellum and basal ganglia. What action will most accurately test these structures?
- A. Have the patient identify the location of a cotton swab on his or her skin with the eyes closed.
- B. Elicit the patients response to a hypothetical problem.
- C. Ask the patient to close his or her eyes and discern between hot and cold stimuli.
- D. Guide the patient through the performance of rapid, alternating movements.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rapid, alternating movements test cerebellar and basal ganglia coordination. Sensory tests assess peripheral nerves, and hypothetical problems evaluate cognition.
A patient with lower back pain is scheduled for myelography using metrizamide (a water-soluble contrast dye). After the test, the nurse should prioritize what action?
- A. Positioning the patient with the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees
- B. Administering IV morphine sulfate to prevent headache
- C. Limiting fluids for the next 12 hours
- D. Helping the patient perform deep breathing and coughing exercises
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevating the head 30-45 degrees post-myelography prevents contrast dye irritation in the brain, reducing headache risk. Fluids are encouraged, morphine is not standard, and breathing exercises are unnecessary.
A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with Mnires disease. While completing a neurologic examination on the patient, the nurse assesses cranial nerve VIII. The nurse would be correct in identifying the function of this nerve as what?
- A. Movement of the tongue
- B. Visual acuity
- C. Sense of smell
- D. Hearing and equilibrium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cranial nerve VIII (acoustic) governs hearing and balance, relevant in Mnires disease. Tongue movement is cranial nerve XII, visual acuity is II, and smell is I.
The physician has ordered a somatosensory evoked responses (SERs) test for a patient for whom the nurse is caring. The nurse is justified in suspecting that this patient may have a history of what type of neurologic disorder?
- A. Hypothalamic disorder
- B. Demyelinating disease
- C. Brainstem deficit
- D. Diabetic neuropathy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SERs detect slowed nerve conduction, common in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. They are not used for hypothalamic, brainstem, or diabetic neuropathy diagnoses.