Nokea
A patient has a urinary tract infection. The nurse knows that which class of drugs is especially useful for such infections?
- A. Macrolides
- B. Carbapenems
- C. Sulfonamides
- D. Tetracyclines
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sulfonamides achieve very high concentrations in the kidneys, through which they are eliminated. Therefore, they are often used in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
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A patient is receiving his third intravenous dose of a penicillin drug. He calls the nurse to report that he is feeling anxious and is having trouble breathing. What will the nurse do first?
- A. Notify the prescriber.
- B. Take the patient's vital signs.
- C. Stop the antibiotic infusion.
- D. Check for allergies.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypersensitivity reactions are characterized by wheezing; shortness of breath; swelling of the face, tongue, or hands; itching; or rash. The nurse should immediately stop the antibiotic infusion, have someone notify the prescriber, and stay with the patient to monitor the patient's vital signs and condition. Checking for allergies should have been done before the infusion.
A patient will be receiving penicillin G potassium, 12 million units daily in divided doses every 4 hours IVPB. Identify how many units the patient will receive for each dose each day.
Correct Answer: 2 million
Rationale: If a medication is given every 4 hours, then there will be 6 doses in each 24-hour day. (24 ?· 4 = 6). 12 million units ?· 6 doses = 2 million units/dose.
The nurse is preparing to use an antiseptic. Which statement is correct regarding how antiseptics differ from disinfectants?
- A. Antiseptics are used to sterilize surgical equipment.
- B. Disinfectants are used as preoperative skin preparation.
- C. Antiseptics are used only on living tissue to kill microorganisms.
- D. Disinfectants are used only on nonliving objects to destroy organisms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antiseptics primarily inhibit microorganisms but do not necessarily kill them. They are applied exclusively to living tissue. Disinfectants are able to kill organisms and are used only on nonliving objects.
When reviewing the medication orders for a patient who is taking penicillin, the nurse notes that the patient is also taking the oral anticoagulant warfarin. What possible effect may occur as the result of an interaction between these drugs?
- A. The penicillin will cause an enhanced anticoagulant effect of the warfarin.
- B. The penicillin will cause the anticoagulant effect of the warfarin to decrease.
- C. The warfarin will reduce the anti-infective action of the penicillin.
- D. The warfarin will increase the effectiveness of the penicillin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering penicillin reduces the vitamin K in the gut (intestines); therefore, enhanced anticoagulant effect of warfarin may occur.
The nurse is reviewing the culture results of a patient with an infection, and notes that the culture indicates a gram-positive organism. Which generation of cephalosporin is most appropriate for this type of infection?
- A. First-generation
- B. Second-generation
- C. Third-generation
- D. Fourth-generation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: First-generation cephalosporins provide excellent coverage against gram-positive bacteria but limited coverage against gram-negative bacteria.