Nokea
A patient has an infestation with flukes (trematodes). The nurse anticipates the use of which drug to treat this infestation?
- A. Praziquantel
- B. Pyrantel
- C. Metronidazole
- D. Ivermectin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Praziquantel is an anthelmintic that is used to kill flukes (trematodes). Metronidazole is used to treat protozoal infections. The other drugs listed are used for other helminthic infestations.
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A patient is receiving hydroxychloroquine therapy but tells the nurse that she has never traveled out of her city. The nurse knows that a possible reason for this drug therapy is which of these conditions?
- A. Lyme disease
- B. Toxoplasmosis
- C. Systemic lupus erythematosus
- D. Intestinal tapeworms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydroxychloroquine, which is used for malaria, also possesses anti-inflammatory actions and has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The other options are incorrect.
A patient with an intestinal infection that is positive for the Giardia lamblia organism will be taking an antiprotozoal drug. The nurse will include which information in the teaching plan for this patient?
- A. The urine may become dilute and pale during therapy.
- B. Taking the medications with food reduces gastrointestinal upset.
- C. The medications should be taken on an empty stomach.
- D. The drugs may be discontinued once the diarrhea subsides.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Taking these drugs with food reduces gastrointestinal upset. Antiprotozoal drugs may cause the urine to turn dark. These drugs should be administered for the prescribed length of time to ensure complete eradication of the infection.
A patient with late-stage HIV infection also has Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. The nurse anticipates treatment with which medication for this pneumonia?
- A. Ivermectin
- B. Atovaquone
- C. Praziquantel
- D. Metronidazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pentamidine and atovaquone are used for the treatment of pneumonia caused by P. jirovecii. The other options are not used for this pneumonia.
A patient is being evaluated for a possible helminthic infection. The nurse knows that which statement about anthelmintic therapy is true?
- A. The drugs may cause severe drowsiness
- B. Anthelmintics are very specific in their actions.
- C. Anthelmintics are effective against broad classes of infestations.
- D. The drugs are used to treat protozoal infections such as intestinal amebiasis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anthelmintics are very specific in their actions, and it is important to identify the cause of the infestation before beginning treatment. They are not used to treat protozoal infections, and they do not cause severe drowsiness.
A woman is traveling to a country where she will be at high risk for malarial infection. What will the nurse teach her regarding prophylactic therapy with hydroxychloroquine?
- A. Hydroxychloroquine is better absorbed and has fewer adverse effects if taken on an empty stomach.
- B. The drug is started 3 weeks before exposure but can be discontinued once she leaves the area.
- C. The medication is taken only when she observes mosquito bites because it can have toxic effects if taken unnecessarily.
- D. The drug is usually started 1 to 2 weeks before traveling to endemic areas and is continued for 4 weeks after leaving the area.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prophylaxis of malaria with hydroxychloroquine is usually started 1 to 2 weeks before exposure and continued for 4 weeks after the person has left the area. The medication should be taken with food to decrease gastrointestinal upset.