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A patient has been assigned the nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to painful oral ulcers. Which nursing action will be most effective in improving oral intake?
- A. Offer the patient frequent small snacks between meals.
- B. Assist the patient to choose favorite foods from the menu.
- C. Provide teaching about the importance of nutritional intake.
- D. Apply prescribed anesthetic gel to oral lesions before meals.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Painful oral ulcers from cancer or chemo kill appetite anesthetic gel (e.g., lidocaine) numbs them pre-meal, making eating bearable. Snacks and favorites tempt but don't dull pain. Teaching informs, not fixes. Nurses in oncology prioritize this pain relief drives intake, tackling the root of this nutrition nosedive.
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Mr Xavier, a 60-year-old accountant, was recently started on allopurinol 100 mg two months ago. This was increased to 200 mg three weeks ago in your clinic. He informed you that he was diagnosed with UTI and started on ciprofloxacin. Today, he returns to your clinic with maculopapular rashes on his trunk and abdomen. He has a low-grade fever of 37.5°C. Which is the most appropriate next step?
- A. Stop Ciprofloxacin and continue the chronic medications
- B. Prescribe paracetamol for pain relief and switch to Moxifloxacin 500 mg bd instead
- C. Continue medications and check for Dengue serology
- D. Stop Allopurinol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rashes and fever post-allopurinol hike scream drug reaction stopping it nips hypersensitivity, like SJS risk, tied to uric acid meds over cipro's rarer skin hit. Quitting cipro alone misses the likely culprit; swapping antibiotics or dengue checks dodge the drug link; full stop's overkill. Clinicians halt allopurinol, watching this chronic fix's nasty turn, a swift call.
People with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of which of the following disorders, besides type 2 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Hypertension, infections
- B. Myocardial infarction, hypertension
- C. Myocardial infarction, infections
- D. Myocardial infarction, liver cirrhosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome hikes heart attacks, hypertension vascular hits, not infections or cirrhosis extras. Nurses track this, a chronic CV duo.
Which statement with respect to the disadvantages of insufficient physical activity is most correct?
- A. People are not so much concerned with the disadvantages, because these will only affect them in the long run
- B. The disadvantages can be compensated by moderate eating
- C. When explained, the disadvantages are enough to motivate people to change their behaviour
- D. The disadvantages result from inadequate behavioural control (self-efficacy)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inactivity's downsides long-term creep, folks shrug, not diet-fixed, rarely spur change, or just control flops. Nurses see this apathy, a chronic slow burn.
Which is not an AIDS defining illness?
- A. oesophageal candidiasis
- B. Herpes Zoster
- C. CD4 count <200 cells/microL
- D. Pulmonary TB
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Herpes zoster's no AIDS marker just shingles, common even sans HIV collapse. Oesophageal thrush, PCP, TB scream opportunists; CD4's a lab line, not illness. Nurses flag true definers chronic crash signs not this skin flare anyone catches.
The nurse is caring for a patient who smokes two packs/day. Which action by the nurse could help reduce the patient's risk of lung cancer?
- A. Teach the patient about the seven warning signs of cancer.
- B. Plan to monitor the patient's carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level.
- C. Teach the patient about annual chest x-rays for lung cancer screening.
- D. Discuss risks associated with cigarette smoking during each patient encounter.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking's the lung cancer kingpin two packs a day screams risk. Hitting the patient with smoking's dangers every visit pushes primary prevention, aiming to cut exposure to tar and carcinogens fueling 85% of cases. Warning signs (CAUTION) and chest x-rays are secondary catching cancer, not stopping it. CEA's a tumor marker for tracking, not prevention. Nurses in oncology know preaching cessation at every chance leverages behavior change, the gold standard to slash lung cancer odds, trumping screening or monitoring in a heavy smoker like this.