Nokea
A patient has been prescribed ketoconazole. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the patient regarding its use?
- A. Cut the tablet in half and take each half one after the other.
- B. Take the drug with an antacid.
- C. Ignore any abdominal pain and fever-these are normal.
- D. Do not drive if drowsiness or dizziness occurs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid driving or performing other hazardous tasks requiring alertness if drowsiness or dizziness occurs. The tablet should not be cut in two or chewed. The drug should also not be taken with an antacid because of a decrease in absorption. Abdominal pain and fever should be reported to the primary health care provider immediately, not ignored.
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A client is receiving amphotericin B IV. The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of Impaired Comfort related to medication administration. The nurse determines that the plan of care was effective when which outcome is achieved?
- A. Client remains free from rigors.
- B. Client exhibits a blood pressure within acceptable parameters.
- C. Client maintains a patent IV infusion site.
- D. Client maintains a urine output of at least 30 mL/hour.
- E. Client demonstrates procedure for cleaning involved area.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The patient receiving amphotericin B IV can experience rigors, hypotension, and problems with the IV infusion site. Therefore, remaining free from rigors and maintaining a stable blood pressure and a patent IV infusion site would indicate that the plan of care for impaired comfort is successful. A urine output of 30 mL/hour would be an indicator of adequate renal tissue perfusion. Cleaning the involved area would not be appropriate because the client has a systemic fungal infection.
A patient is prescribed metronidazole for intestinal amebiasis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the patient regarding the drug?
- A. Take the drug on an empty stomach.
- B. Avoid intake of alcohol.
- C. Guard against effects of photosensitivity.
- D. Take phenobarbital for impaired sleep.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid the use of alcohol, in any form, until the course of treatment is completed. The ingestion of alcohol may cause a mild to severe reaction, with symptoms of severe vomiting, headache, nausea, abdominal cramps, flushing, and sweating. Metronidazole should be taken with food or meals, not on an empty stomach. Photosensitivity is not one of the side effects of metronidazole. Phenobarbital should be avoided, as it increases the metabolism of metronidazole.
Foods that acidify the urine may interact with chloroquine and increase the drug's excretion, thereby decreasing its effectiveness in the treatment of malaria. The nurse should counsel the client to avoid which of the following foods during treatment with chloroquine?
- A. Plums
- B. Oranges
- C. Fish
- D. Eggs
- E. Cranberries
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: The nurse should counsel the client to avoid cranberries, plums, prunes, meats, cheeses, eggs, fish, and grains.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about helminthes. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as a helminth?
- A. Roundworms
- B. Pinworms
- C. Ringworms
- D. Hookworms
- E. Tapeworms
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, and tapeworms are examples of helminths. Ringworm is a fungal infection.
After teaching a group of nursing students about antiprotozoal drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which of the following as an indication for use?
- A. Toxoplasmosis
- B. Malaria
- C. Giardiasis
- D. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
- E. Trichomoniasis
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Antiprotozoal drugs are used in the treatment of malaria, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis, intestinal amebiasis, trichomoniasis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.