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A patient has disorganized thinking associated with schizophrenia. Neuroimaging would most likely show dysfunction in which part of the brain?
- A. Hippocampus
- B. Frontal lobe
- C. Cerebellum
- D. Brainstem
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Frontal lobe. Disorganized thinking in schizophrenia is often associated with executive function deficits, which are primarily controlled by the frontal lobe. This area is responsible for decision-making, problem-solving, and reasoning. Dysfunction here can lead to disorganized thoughts and behaviors. The other choices, such as the hippocampus (A), involved in memory, the cerebellum (C), involved in motor coordination, and the brainstem (D), involved in basic life functions, are less likely to be directly related to disorganized thinking in schizophrenia.
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The nurse is assessing a client who will be having an orthopedic surgery. The client takes an antipsychotic medication and shares that he has recently started using two herbal preparations for his nerves. The nurse should:
- A. Ask for the specific names of the herbal compounds
- B. Go on to another interview question since herbal compounds are not important
- C. Tell him to stop using the herbal preparations because they are not effective
- D. Explain that his physician will not be happy with his self-prescribing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A: Asking for the specific names of the herbal compounds is important to assess potential interactions with the antipsychotic medication.
B: Ignoring the herbal compounds could lead to adverse effects or interactions during surgery.
C: Telling him to stop may not be appropriate without knowing the specific compounds and their effects.
D: Discussing the physician's viewpoint is not as crucial as gathering information on potential interactions.
A nurse planning a group to help batterers learn more effective ways to cope would teach participants that the key component in wife battering is:
- A. The need for the batterer to control
- B. Alcohol abuse by the batterer
- C. History of psychotic behavior
- D. Failure of the woman to assert herself
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The need for the batterer to control. This is the key component in wife battering, as it is rooted in the batterer's desire to establish power and dominance over their partner. Teaching batterers more effective ways to cope involves addressing this underlying need for control.
Explanation of other choices:
B: Alcohol abuse by the batterer - While alcohol abuse may exacerbate violent behavior, it is not the primary cause of wife battering.
C: History of psychotic behavior - Psychotic behavior may contribute to violence, but it is not the key component in wife battering.
D: Failure of the woman to assert herself - Blaming the victim is not appropriate; the responsibility lies with the batterer's need for control.
Which statement about aging provides the best rationale for focused assessment of elderly patients?
- A. The elderly are usually socially isolated and lonely
- B. Vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell decline with age
- C. The majority of elderly patients have some form of early dementia
- D. As people age, thinking becomes more rigid and learning is impaired
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Only the key is a true statement. It cues the nurse to assess sensory function in the elderly patient. Correcting vision and hearing are critical to providing safe care. The distracters are myths about aging.
The early stage of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by:
- A. Loss of recent memory
- B. Loss of remote memory
- C. Withdrawal from family
- D. Apraxia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Loss of recent memory. In the early stage of Alzheimer's disease, individuals typically experience difficulty remembering recent events, conversations, or information. This is due to the initial impact of the disease on the hippocampus and other brain regions responsible for forming new memories. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because loss of remote memory (choice B) usually occurs in later stages, withdrawal from family (choice C) can be a result of various factors beyond memory loss, and apraxia (choice D) refers to the inability to perform coordinated movements and is not a primary symptom of early-stage Alzheimer's.
A nurse is planning care for a patient with bulimia nervosa. Which goal should be included in the care plan?
- A. The patient will engage in daily exercise to prevent weight gain.
- B. The patient will maintain a healthy, balanced diet without purging behaviors.
- C. The patient will gain 1-2 pounds per week.
- D. The patient will eliminate binge eating and purging behaviors entirely.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Maintaining a healthy, balanced diet without purging behaviors is crucial for managing bulimia nervosa.
2. This goal promotes physical health and addresses the underlying disordered eating habits.
3. It focuses on establishing sustainable eating patterns to support overall well-being.
4. It helps prevent complications associated with bulimia, such as electrolyte imbalances.
Summary:
- Option A is incorrect as excessive exercise can be a compensatory behavior in eating disorders.
- Option C is incorrect as rapid weight gain is not recommended in the treatment of bulimia.
- Option D is incorrect as complete elimination of binge eating and purging may be unrealistic initially.