Nokea
A patient has presented with signs and symptoms that are characteristic of acute kidney injury, but preliminary assessment reveals no obvious risk factors for this health problem. The nurse should recognize the need to interview the patient about what topic?
- A. Typical diet
- B. Allergy status
- C. Psychosocial stressors
- D. Current medication use
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The kidneys are susceptible to the adverse effects of medications because they are repeatedly exposed to substances in the blood. Nephrotoxic medications are a more likely cause of AKI than diet, allergies, or stress.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is caring for a patient in acute kidney injury. Which of the following complications would most clearly warrant the administration of polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)?
- A. Hypernatremia
- B. Hypomagnesemia
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperkalemia, a common complication of acute kidney injury, is life-threatening if immediate action is not taken to reverse it. The administration of polystyrene sulfonate reduces serum potassium levels.
The critical care nurse is monitoring the patients urine output and drains following renal surgery. What should the nurse promptly report to the physician?
- A. Increased pain on movement
- B. Absence of drain output
- C. Increased urine output
- D. Blood-tinged serosanguineous drain output
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urine output and drainage from tubes inserted during surgery are monitored for amount, color, and type or characteristics. Decreased or absent drainage is promptly reported to the physician because it may indicate obstruction that could cause pain, infection, and disruption of the suture lines. Reporting increased pain on movement has nothing to do with the scenario described. Increased urine output and serosanguineous drainage are expected.
Renal failure can have prerenal, renal, or postrenal causes. A patient with acute kidney injury is being assessed to determine where, physiologically, the cause is. If the cause is found to be prerenal, which condition most likely caused it?
- A. Heart failure
- B. Glomerulonephritis
- C. Ureterolithiasis
- D. Aminoglycoside toxicity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: By causing inadequate renal perfusion, heart failure can lead to prerenal failure. Glomerulonephritis and aminoglycoside toxicity are renal causes, and ureterolithiasis is a postrenal cause.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is in the diuresis phase of AKI. The nurse should closely monitor the patient for what complication during this phase?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hypocalcemia
- C. Dehydration
- D. Acute flank pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The diuresis period is marked by a gradual increase in urine output, which signals that glomerular filtration has started to recover. The patient must be observed closely for dehydration during this phase; if dehydration occurs, the uremic symptoms are likely to increase. Excessive losses of potassium and calcium are not typical during this phase, and diuresis does not normally result in pain.
The nurse is assessing a patient suspected of having developed acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse should expect to address what clinical manifestation that is characteristic of this health problem?
- A. Hematuria
- B. Precipitous decrease in serum creatinine levels
- C. Hypotension unresolved by fluid administration
- D. Glucosuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary presenting feature of acute glomerulonephritis is hematuria (blood in the urine), which may be microscopic (identifiable through microscopic examination) or macroscopic or gross (visible to the eye). Proteinuria, primarily albumin, which is present, is due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels may rise as urine output drops. Some degree of edema and hypertension is noted in most patients.