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A patient has undergone diagnostic testing and has been diagnosed with otosclerosis? What ear structure is primarily affected by this diagnosis?
- A. Malleus
- B. Stapes
- C. Incus
- D. Tympanic membrane
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stapes. Otosclerosis is a condition characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, causing the stapes bone to become fixed in place. This results in hearing loss due to the inability of the stapes to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear. The malleus (choice A), incus (choice C), and tympanic membrane (choice D) are not primarily affected by otosclerosis. The malleus and incus are located in the middle ear but are not typically affected by otosclerosis. The tympanic membrane is part of the outer ear and is not directly involved in otosclerosis.
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A nurse is caring for a patient who has had diarrhea for the past week. Which additional assessment finding will the
nurse expect?
- A. Distended abdomen
- B. Decreased skin turgor
- C. Increased energy levels
- D. Elevated blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased skin turgor. Diarrhea leads to fluid loss, causing dehydration and decreased skin turgor. This indicates the patient's hydration status. A: Distended abdomen is more common in conditions like bowel obstruction, not necessarily in diarrhea. C: Increased energy levels are unlikely due to the patient's weakened state from dehydration. D: Elevated blood pressure is not typically associated with dehydration.
A nurse is planning care for a group of patients.Which task will the nurse assign to the nursing assistive personnel?
- A. Obtaining a midstream urine specimen
- B. Interpreting a bladder scan result
- C. Inserting a straight catheter
- D. Irrigating a catheter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obtaining a midstream urine specimen. This task is within the scope of practice for nursing assistive personnel as it involves collecting a specimen, which is a routine and non-invasive procedure. Nursing assistive personnel are trained to perform basic tasks like specimen collection. Choices B, C, and D involve more complex skills and procedures that require specialized training and knowledge, which are typically performed by licensed nurses. Interpreting bladder scan results (B), inserting a straight catheter (C), and irrigating a catheter (D) all require a higher level of expertise and assessment that nursing assistive personnel are not qualified to do.
A 30-year-old patient has come to the clinic for her yearly examination. The patient asks the nurse about ovarian cancer. What should the nurse state when describing risk factors for ovarian cancer?
- A. Use of oral contraceptives increases the risk of ovarian cancer.
- B. Most cases of ovarian cancer are attributed to tobacco use.
- C. Most cases of ovarian cancer are considered to be random, with no obvious causation.
- D. The majority of women who get ovarian cancer have a family history of the disease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: The nurse should inform the patient that most cases of ovarian cancer are considered to be random, with no obvious causation. This is the correct answer because the exact cause of ovarian cancer is not well understood, and the majority of cases are not linked to specific risk factors.
Step 2: Choice A is incorrect because the use of oral contraceptives actually decreases the risk of ovarian cancer.
Step 3: Choice B is incorrect because tobacco use is not a major risk factor for ovarian cancer. It is primarily associated with lung and other types of cancer.
Step 4: Choice D is incorrect because while a family history of ovarian cancer can increase the risk, the majority of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer do not have a family history of the disease.
A patient got a sliver of glass in his eye when a glass container at work fell and shattered. The glass had to be surgically removed and the patient is about to be discharged home. The patient asks the nurse for a topical anesthetic for the pain in his eye. What should the nurse respond?
- A. Overuse of these drops could soften your cornea and damage your eye.
- B. You could lose the peripheral vision in your eye if you used these drops too much.
- C. Im sorry, this medication is considered a controlled substance and patients cannot take it home.
- D. I know these drops will make your eye feel better, but I cant let you take them home.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Overuse of topical anesthetics can soften the cornea and damage the eye. Topical anesthetics numb the eye, masking pain and potentially leading to overuse. This can prevent the patient from recognizing potential issues like infection or further injury. Additionally, prolonged use can interfere with the cornea's ability to heal properly. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific risks associated with using topical anesthetics in the eye. Option B focuses on peripheral vision loss, which is not a direct consequence of using topical anesthetics. Choice C mentions controlled substances, which is not relevant to the situation. Option D acknowledges the patient's request but does not educate the patient on the potential harm of overusing topical anesthetics.
The nurse is discharging a patient home after mastoid surgery. What should the nurse include in discharge teaching?
- A. Try to induce a sneeze every 4 hours to equalize pressure.
- B. Be sure to exercise to reduce fatigue.
- C. Avoid sleeping in a side-lying position.
- D. Dont blow your nose for 2 to 3 weeks.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Don't blow your nose for 2 to 3 weeks." After mastoid surgery, blowing the nose can increase pressure in the surgical area and disrupt healing. Here's the rationale:
1. Blowing the nose can increase pressure in the surgical area and lead to complications.
2. Avoiding blowing the nose helps prevent infection and reduces the risk of damaging the surgical site.
3. It is essential to follow this instruction to promote proper healing and reduce the chances of postoperative complications.
In summary, the other choices are incorrect because inducing a sneeze, exercising, and avoiding side-lying position do not directly relate to the specific care needs after mastoid surgery.