Nokea
A patient in labor is diagnosed with an occiput posterior (OP) fetal position. What is the most appropriate intervention to facilitate delivery?
- A. Encourage the patient to push vigorously with each contraction
- B. Position the patient on her hands and knees
- C. Perform a cesarean section
- D. Perform a cesarean section
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Position the patient on her hands and knees. This position, known as the all-fours position, can help rotate the baby from an occiput posterior position to a more favorable position for delivery. Gravity assists in the rotation of the baby, making delivery easier. Encouraging the patient to push vigorously (option A) may not be effective in this situation as the baby may be facing the wrong way. Performing a cesarean section (option C and D) should be considered only if other interventions fail or if there are complications that necessitate surgical delivery.
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The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a woman in her second trimester regarding signs/symptoms that are within normal limits during the latter half of the pregnancy.
- A. During the third trimester I may experience frequent urination.
- B. During the third trimester I may experience heartburn.
- C. During the third trimester I may experience nagging backaches.
- D. During the third trimester I may experience persistent headache.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frequent urination, heartburn, and backaches are common during the third trimester due to the growing uterus putting pressure on the bladder and digestive system, as well as changes in posture. Persistent headaches are not normal and should be reported.
Which B vitamin should a vegan supplement?
- A. B1 (thiamine)
- B. B2 (niacin)
- C. B6 (pyridoxine)
- D. B12 (cobalamin)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products, so vegans are at risk of deficiency and should supplement with B12.
The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is at 28 weeks gestation and has been diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Administer antibiotics to treat the UTI.
- B. Encourage the patient to drink cranberry juice.
- C. Teach the patient to practice good hand hygiene.
- D. Perform a bladder scan to check for residual urine.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because administering antibiotics is crucial in treating a urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy to prevent complications such as preterm labor or kidney infection. Antibiotics are necessary to eradicate the infection and ensure the health of both the mother and the baby.
Encouraging the patient to drink cranberry juice (B) may help prevent UTIs but is not sufficient treatment for an existing infection. Teaching the patient to practice good hand hygiene (C) is important for general infection prevention but does not directly address the UTI. Performing a bladder scan (D) to check for residual urine is not a priority in this case as the focus should be on treating the infection first.
What is the total number of chromosomes contained in a mature sperm or ovum?
- A. 22
- B. 23
- C. 44
- D. 46
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gametes (sex chromosomes) contain 23 chromosomes.
A nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is at 22 weeks gestation and reports experiencing vaginal bleeding. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Encourage the patient to rest and avoid strenuous activity.
- B. Monitor the fetal heart rate and assess for any signs of preterm labor.
- C. Assess the bleeding and notify the healthcare provider immediately.
- D. Instruct the patient to use a sanitary pad to monitor for changes in bleeding.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assess the bleeding and notify the healthcare provider immediately. This is the priority action because vaginal bleeding during pregnancy can indicate serious complications such as placental abruption or preterm labor. By assessing the bleeding, the nurse can determine the severity and nature of the bleeding to provide crucial information to the healthcare provider for prompt intervention. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately ensures timely assessment and appropriate management to protect the health and well-being of both the mother and fetus. Encouraging rest (choice A) may be appropriate, but assessing the bleeding and notifying the healthcare provider take precedence. Monitoring fetal heart rate (choice B) is important but secondary to assessing the bleeding. Instructing the patient to use a sanitary pad (choice D) is not sufficient to address the potential underlying causes of vaginal bleeding.