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A patient in labor is undergoing an epidural block and is given intravenous fluid. What is the purpose of this?
- A. To treat hypotension that results from hemorrhage
- B. To increase urine output
- C. To treat insensible fluid losses
- D. To treat hypotension that results from sympathetic blockade
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: To treat hypotension that results from sympathetic blockade. When an epidural block is administered during labor, sympathetic blockade can lead to a drop in blood pressure. By providing intravenous fluid, the goal is to increase preload and maintain blood pressure to counteract the hypotension caused by sympathetic blockade.
A: Treating hypotension from hemorrhage is not the primary purpose in this scenario.
B: Increasing urine output is not the main goal of giving intravenous fluid during an epidural block.
C: Treating insensible fluid losses is not the immediate concern when a patient is experiencing hypotension from sympathetic blockade.
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A nurse is educating a pregnant patient about the importance of folic acid during pregnancy. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates effective teaching?
- A. I will stop taking folic acid after the first trimester to reduce the risk of birth defects.
- B. Folic acid is important for preventing neural tube defects in the baby's brain and spine.
- C. I can get enough folic acid by eating a healthy diet, so I don't need supplements.
- D. I should take folic acid only if I have a family history of birth defects.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Choice B is correct because folic acid is indeed important for preventing neural tube defects in the baby's brain and spine. These defects can occur in the early weeks of pregnancy, emphasizing the need for sufficient folic acid intake throughout pregnancy.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Stopping folic acid after the first trimester is not recommended as neural tube development occurs early in pregnancy.
C: While a healthy diet is important, it may not provide enough folic acid during pregnancy, hence supplements are often recommended.
D: Family history of birth defects is not the sole indication for taking folic acid, as all pregnant women benefit from its preventive effects.
A biophysical profile is performed on a pregnant patient. The results show a nonreactive stress test (NST), three episodes of fetal breathing movements (FBMs), limited gross movements, opening and closing of the hand indicating the presence of fetal tone, and adequate amniotic fluid index (AFI). What is the correct interpretation of this test result?
- A. A score of 10 would indicate that the results are equivocal.
- B. A score of 8 would indicate normal results.
- C. A score of 6 would indicate that birth should be considered as a possible treatment option.
- D. A score of 9 would indicate reassurance.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A biophysical profile score of 8-10 is considered normal, indicating fetal well-being.
Because nausea and vomiting are such common complaints of pregnant women, the nurse provides anticipatory guidance to a 6-week gestation client by telling her to do which of the following?
- A. Avoid eating greasy foods.
- B. Drink orange juice before rising.
- C. Consume 1 teaspoon of nutmeg each morning.
- D. Eat 3 large meals plus a bedtime snack.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Greasy foods can exacerbate nausea and vomiting. Small, frequent meals are recommended, and saltine crackers before rising can help alleviate symptoms. Orange juice and nutmeg are not recommended.
Which of the following is the most important nursing intervention for a laboring person who is receiving oxytocin for induction of labor?
- A. monitor for signs of uterine hyperstimulation
- B. monitor fetal heart rate continuously
- C. provide emotional support
- D. encourage ambulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: monitor fetal heart rate continuously. This is crucial because oxytocin can cause uterine hyperstimulation leading to fetal distress. Continuous monitoring allows for early detection of fetal compromise. Monitoring for signs of uterine hyperstimulation (A) is important but secondary to fetal well-being. Emotional support (C) and encouraging ambulation (D) are beneficial but not as critical as ensuring fetal safety during oxytocin administration.
A pregnant patient at 32 weeks gestation is concerned about gestational diabetes. What is the nurse's priority intervention?
- A. Encourage the patient to eat smaller, more frequent meals and monitor blood glucose levels.
- B. Administer insulin as prescribed to control blood glucose levels.
- C. Recommend a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet to prevent blood sugar spikes.
- D. Instruct the patient to limit fluid intake to reduce blood sugar fluctuations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it addresses the immediate concern of managing blood glucose levels in a pregnant patient with gestational diabetes. Encouraging smaller, more frequent meals helps stabilize blood sugar levels and prevent spikes. Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial for timely interventions. Administering insulin (B) may be necessary but not the priority. A high-protein, low-carb diet (C) is not typically recommended for gestational diabetes. Limiting fluid intake (D) is not appropriate as hydration is important during pregnancy. In summary, choice A is the priority as it directly addresses the patient's concern and promotes optimal blood sugar control during pregnancy.