Nokea
A patient is admitted for a splenectomy. Why is an injection of Vit. K ordered before surgery?
- A. To correct clotting problems
- B. To prevent postoperative infection
- C. To promote healing
- D. To dry secretions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin K plays a crucial role in the production of clotting factors in the liver. Patients undergoing a splenectomy may be at an increased risk of bleeding during and after surgery due to the decreased availability of these clotting factors. Administering Vitamin K before the surgery helps to correct any potential clotting problems, ensuring proper hemostasis and reducing the risk of excessive bleeding during the procedure. This preoperative intervention can help optimize the patient's coagulation status and improve their outcomes postoperatively.
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Antivenins should be considered in the treatment of all of the following EXCEPT
- A. rattlesnake envenomations
- B. scorpion envenomations
- C. black widow envenomations
- D. stonefish envenomations
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Hymenoptera envenomations (e.g., bee stings) typically do not require antivenin, as they are managed with supportive care.
Which finding would you expect in a 4-week-old with biliary atresia?
- A. Abdominal distention, enlarged liver and spleen, clay-colored stools, and tea-colored urine.
- B. Abdominal distention with bruises and hematuria.
- C. Yellow sclera/skin, oily skin, and prolonged bleeding times.
- D. No manifestations until advanced disease.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Biliary atresia typically presents with hepatosplenomegaly, pale stools, and dark urine due to impaired bile excretion.
The parent of a 7-year-old with continued bed-wetting at night says they've tried getting the child up at 11:30 p.m. Which is the best next step?
- A. There is a medication (DDAVP) that may help decrease urine volume.
- B. Be firm and show how much work is involved in changing sheets.
- C. Limit fluids in the evening and consider a reward system for dry nights.
- D. Bed-wetting alarms are available and effective.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reducing evening fluids and using positive reinforcement (reward system) are effective and developmentally appropriate strategies.
The Denver II assesses the development of children from birth to 6 years of age, it includes the following domains EXCEPT
- A. language
- B. intelligence
- C. gross motor
- D. personal-social
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Denver II does not specifically assess intelligence.
The nurse is caring for a school-age child with a tinea capitis (ringworm) infection. What should the nurse expect the therapeutic management of this child to include?
- A. Administering oral griseofulvin
- B. Administering topical or oral antibiotics
- C. Applying topical sulfonamides
- D. Applying Burow solution compresses to affected area
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should expect the therapeutic management of a school-age child with tinea capitis to include administering oral griseofulvin. Griseofulvin is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat fungal infections like tinea capitis. Topical or oral antibiotics are not effective in treating fungal infections. Applying topical sulfonamides is also not a recommended treatment for tinea capitis. Burow solution compresses are used to provide relief for inflammatory skin conditions and are not specific treatments for fungal infections like tinea capitis.